Cortaderia jubata — Details

Purple Pampas Grass learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Distribution

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Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine) Stapf:
Argentina (South America)
Australia (Oceania)
Bolivia (South America)
South Africa (Africa & Madagascar)
Peru (South America)
Ecuador (South America)
New Zealand (Oceania)
United States (North America)
Colombia (South America)
  • Jørgensen, P. M. & C. Ulloa Ulloa. 1994. Seed plants of the high Andes of Ecuador---A checklist. AAU Rep. 34: 1–443.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/47124 External link.
  • Foster, R. C. 1958. A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia. Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 1–223.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1313 External link.
  • Soreng, R. J., G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003 and onwards. On-line taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46, and 48. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG:. In R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, E. J. Judziewicz & O. Morrone Internet Cat. New World Grasses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1024044 External link.
  • Tovar, Ó. 1993. Las Gramíneas (Poaceae) del Perú. Ruizia 13: 1–480.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1000236 External link.
  • Tovar, Ó. 1986. Nuevos registros de gramíneas para el Perú. Revista Ci. U.N.M.S.M. 74: 48–57.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/22610 External link.
  • Young, K. R. & B. León. 1990. Catálogo de las plantas de la zona alta del Parque Nacional Río Abiseo, Perú. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Nac. Mayor San Marcos, Ser. B, Bot. 34: 1–37.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/15807 External link.
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. & C. Mayorga. 2001. Nuevos registros de Gramíneas (Poaceae) para la flora de Colombia. Hickenia 3(28: 99–103.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1017953 External link.
  • Edgar, E., H. E. Connor & J. E. Shand. 1991. Checklist of oryzoid, arundinoid, and chloridoid grasses naturalised in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Bot. 29: 117–129.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/44385 External link.
  • Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1371 External link.
  • Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/42250 External link.
  • Franquemont, C., T. Plowman, E. Franquemont, S. R. King, C. Niezgoda, W. Davis & C. R. Sperling. 1990. The ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean community in southern Peru. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 24: 1–126.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/15804 External link.
  • Zuloaga, F. O., E. G. Nicora, Z. E. R. Agrasar, O. Morrone, J. Pensiero & A. M. Cialdella. 1994. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en la República Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47: i–xi, 1–178.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/43109 External link.
  • Renvoize, S. A. 1998. Gram. Bolivia i–xxx, 1–644. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1007278 External link.
  • Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long & M. B. Piep. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. 25: i–xxv, 1–783. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1021466 External link.
  • Sharp, D. & B. K. Simon. 2002. AusGrass: Grasses of Australia. CD-ROM, Version 1.0. CD–ROM.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1026312 External link.
  • Connor, H. E. & E. Edgar. 1974. Names and types in Cortaderia Stapf (Gramineae). Taxon 23(4): 595–605.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/10001 External link.
  • Connor, H. E. 2003. Cortaderia. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 163–166.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1003772 External link.
  • Astegiano, M. E., A. M. Anton & H. E. Connor. 1995. Sinopsis del género Cortaderia (Poaceae) en Argentina. Darwiniana 33(1–4): 43–51.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1002204 External link.
  • Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i–xl, 1–1286.   http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/7728 External link.
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Gynerium pygmaeum Meyen:
Peru (South America)
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National Distribution

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United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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Global Range: Ecuador and Peru to Argentina; established as an exotic elsewhere, including North America and New Zealand.

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Physical Description

Morphology

Physical Description

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Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stem s nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 2-6 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 6 m or taller, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath hairy at summit, throat, or collar, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blade with prominently raised or widened midvein, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly pan iculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers unisexual, Plants dioecious, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets unisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Spikelets conspicuously hairy , Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 1 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Callu s or base of lemma evidently hairy, Callus hairs shorter than lemma, Lemma surface pilose, setose or bristly, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea shorter than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Palea keels winged, scabrous, or ciliate, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
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Dr. David Bogler

Source: USDA NRCS PLANTS Database

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Diagnostic Description

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Distinguished from C. selloana by the looser, yellowish or purplish panicle and somewhat smaller spikelets; only female plants are known (Bailey 1976).

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Ecology

Habitat

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Comments: Sometimes cultivated as an ornamental.

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

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United States

Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Reasons: Widespread in southern South America.

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Wikipedia

Cortaderia jubata

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Cortaderia jubata is a species of grass known by several common names, including Purple pampas grass and Andean pampas grass. It is similar to its more widespread relative, the Pampas Grass C. selloana, but it can get quite a bit taller, approaching seven meters in height at maximum.

This grass is native to the northern Andes but it is well-known elsewhere as an invasive species noxious weed. This grass has only pistillate parts, that is, all individuals are female. It reproduces by apomixis, in which embryos develop without fertilization.

Description

This pampas grass, Cortaderia jubata, has long, thin, razor-edged leaves forming a large bunch grass tussock from which the eye-catching inflorescences arise. At the top of a stem several meters in height is an inflorescence of plumelike spikelets. These panicles are pink or purplish when new and they gradually turn cream or white. Each inflorescence is packed full of fruits which develop despite the plant's having never been fertilized. Each plant produces millions of seeds per year. They disperse easily by several methods, including wind, water, and soil transport.

Invasive species

New Zealand

In New Zealand C. jubata is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord prohibiting it from sale, and commercial propagation and distribution.[1]

United States

Cortaderia jubata grows well in the conditions provided by the cool, moist California coast, where it was presumably an introduced species as an attractive ornamental plant.[citation needed] It is a common weed of Redwood National and State Parks, the Central Coast region, and Big Sur, as well as other coastal hillsides and roadsides throughout the state. The plant competes with native vegetation, interferes with the natural scenery of the unique ecosystems and habitats (ie: Redwood and Coastal sage scrub), harbors pest species such as rats, and produces large amounts of dry foliage which is a wildfire hazard.

References

  1. ^ "National Pest Plant Accord 2008". 2008. http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/pests/plants/nppa/nppa-accord-manual.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
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