Overview
Distribution
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SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
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SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
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Panicum xalapense Kunth:
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
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SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
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Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/866
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Nelson, C. 1978. Contribuciones a la Flora de la Mosquitia, Honduras. Ceiba 22(1): 41–64.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/5269
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Nelson, C. 1976. Algunas plantas del Departamento de Ocotepeque, Honduras. Ceiba 20(1): 27–41.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/5266
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Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37(4): 317–407.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2538
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Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/20405
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Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1506
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Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515
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Swallen, J. R. 1955. Gramineae. In: P. C. Standley & J. A. Steyermark (eds.), Flora of Guatemala---Part II. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(2): i–ix, 1–390.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6706
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Panicum laxiflorum Lam.:
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
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Espejo Serna, A., A. R. López-Ferrari & J. Valdés-Reyna. 2000. Poaceae. Monocot. Mexic. Sinopsis Floríst. 10: 7–236 [and index].
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1015183
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Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37(4): 317–407.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2538
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Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri 305 pp., University of Missouri Press, Colombia.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018088
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Beetle, A. A. 1999. Gram. México 5: 1–466. Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulícos: COTECOCA, México.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1019700
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Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/636
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Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1493
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Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515
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Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
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Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1495
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Pohl, R. W. 1980. Family 15. Gramineae. In: W. C. Burger, (ed.), Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 4: 1–608.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/5421
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Zuloaga, F. O., R. P. Ellis & O. Morrone. 1993. A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80(1): 119–190.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/40033
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Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould:
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
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Berendsohn, W. G. & A. E. A. González. 1991. Listado básico de la Flora Salvadorensis. Monocotelydoneae: Iridaceae, Commelinaceae, Gramineae, Cyperaceae. Cuscatlania 1(6): 1–29.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/34024
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Soreng, R. J., G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003 and onwards. On-line taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46, and 48. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG:. In R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, E. J. Judziewicz & O. Morrone Internet Cat. New World Grasses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1024044
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Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/513
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Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A. O. Chater. (eds.) 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Fl. Mesoamer. 6: i–xvi, 1–543.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/8200
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Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long & M. B. Piep. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. 25: i–xxv, 1–783. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1021466
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Hansen, B. F. & R. P. Wunderlin. 1988. Synopsis of Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(4): 1637–1657.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9167
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Gould, F. W. & C. A. Clark. 1978. Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in the United States and Canada. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65(4): 1088–1132.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9842
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Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 2003. Dichanthelium. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 177–92.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1004199
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Davidse, G. 1994. 115. Dichanthelium (A. Hitchc. et Chase) Gould. Fl. Mesoamer. 6: 322–326.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1003154
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Gould, F. W. 1980. The Mexican species of Dichanthelium (Poaceae). Brittonia 32(3): 353–364.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/3599
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National Distribution
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
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Physical Description
Morphology
Physical Description
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems mat or turf forming, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaf tips flexuous, drooping, blades thin, lax, soft, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath hairy at summit, thro at, or collar, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades lanceolate, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Inflorescence or spikelets partially hidden in leaf sheaths, subtended by spatheole, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma becoming indurate, enclosing palea and caryopsis, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma 8-15 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins inrolled, tightly covering palea and caryopsis, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
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Type Information
Isotype for Panicum pyriforme Nash
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): G. V. Nash
Year Collected: 1894
Locality: Near Eustis, Orange Bend., Lake, Florida, United States, North America
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): G. V. Nash
Year Collected: 1894
Locality: Near Eustis, Orange Bend., Lake, Florida, United States, North America
- Isotype: Nash, G. V. 1899. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 26: 579.
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Type fragment for Panicum xalapense Kunth
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): F. W. Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland
Locality: Near Jalapa and Mt. Macultepec., Veracruz, Mexico, North America
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): F. W. Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland
Locality: Near Jalapa and Mt. Macultepec., Veracruz, Mexico, North America
- Type fragment: Kunth, C. S., et al. 1815. Nova Genera Sp. Pl. 1: 85.
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Conservation
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