Dichanthelium dichotomum — Details

Panicum dichotomum var. yadkinense (Ashe) Lelong:
United States (North America)

Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri 305 pp., University of Missouri Press, Colombia. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018088

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Panicum nodiflorum Lam.:
Brazil (South America)
Uruguay (South America)
United States (North America)

Döll, J. C. 1877. Gramineae I. Paniceae. 2(2B): 34–342, t. 12–49. In C. F. P. von Martius Fl. Bras. F. Fleischer, Monachii et Lipsiae. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/25886

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Panicum multirameum Scribn.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002

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Panicum barbulatum Michx.:
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. Published protolog data. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9990002
Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515

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Panicum sphagnicola Nash:
United States (North America)

Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515

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Panicum clutei Nash:
United States (North America)

Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515

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Panicum lucidum var. opacum Fernald:
United States (North America)

Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327

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Panicum caerulescens Hack. ex Hitchc.:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)

Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37(4): 317–407. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2538
Hitchcock, A. S. 1936. Man. Grasses W. Ind. 1–439. United States Government Printing Office, Washington. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/20405
Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1506
Sousa Sánchez, M. & E. F. Cabrera Cano. 1983. Flora de Quintana Roo. Listados Floríst. México 2: 1–100. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/512
Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Hitchcock, A. S. 1909. Catalogue of the Grasses of Cuba. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(6): 183–258, vii–xi. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1014079

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Panicum yadkinense Ashe:
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)

Beetle, A. A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico V. Phytologia 37(4): 317–407. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/2538
Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1495

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Panicum dichotomum var. dichotomum :
Canada (North America)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Venezuela (South America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)

Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri 305 pp., University of Missouri Press, Colombia. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018088
Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Zuloaga, F. O., R. P. Ellis & O. Morrone. 1993. A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80(1): 119–190. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/40033

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Panicum dichotomum var. barbulatum (Michx.) Alph. Wood:
United States (North America)

Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327

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Panicum mattamuskeetense var. mattamuskeetense :
United States (North America)

Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327

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Panicum mattamuskeetense var. clutei (Nash) Fernald:
United States (North America)

Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327

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Panicum dichotomum var. ramulosum (Torr.) Lelong:
United States (North America)

Kucera, C. L. 1998. The Grasses of Missouri 305 pp., University of Missouri Press, Colombia. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018088

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Panicum nitidum var. ramulosum Torr.:
United States (North America)

Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1495

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Panicum lucidum Ashe:
United States (North America)

Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1515
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1495

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Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould:
Belize (Mesoamerica)
Canada (North America)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
United States (North America)
Venezuela (South America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Soreng, R. J., G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, E. J. Judziewicz, T. S. Filgueiras & O. Morrone. 2003 and onwards. On-line taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. vols. 39, 41, 46, and 48. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/CNWG:. In R. J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P. M. Peterson, F. O. Zuloaga, T. S. Filgueiras, E. J. Judziewicz & O. Morrone Internet Cat. New World Grasses. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1024044
Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. Nuev. Cat. Fl. Vas. Venezuela 1–860. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033110
Breedlove, D. E. 1986. Flora de Chiapas. Listados Floríst. México 4: i–v, 1–246. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/513
Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A. O. Chater. (eds.) 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Fl. Mesoamer. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/8200
Liogier, H. & L. Martorell. 1982. Fl. Puerto Rico Adj. Islands 1–342. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/19728
Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long & M. B. Piep. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. 25: i–xxv, 1–783. In Fl. N. Amer. Oxford University Press, New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1021466
Hansen, B. F. & R. P. Wunderlin. 1988. Synopsis of Dichanthelium (Poaceae) in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(4): 1637–1657. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/9167
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone. 2003. Dichanthelium. In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 177–92. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1004199
Davidse, G. 1994. 115. Dichanthelium (A. Hitchc. et Chase) Gould. Fl. Mesoamer. 6: 322–326. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1003154

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National Distribution

Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Source: NatureServe

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Physical Description

Morphology

Physical Description

Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding bas al leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy at summit, throat, or collar, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades lanceolate, Leaf blades ovate, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Inflorescence or spikelets partially hidden in leaf sheaths, subtended by spatheole, Spikelet l ess than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma becoming indurate, enclosing palea and caryopsis, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma 8-15 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins inrolled, tightly covering palea and caryopsis, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.

Dr. David Bogler

Source: USDA NRCS PLANTS Database

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Type Information

Type collection; Lectotype for Panicum lucidum Ashe
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: ; Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): W. W. Ashe
Year Collected: 1898
Locality: Lake Mattamuskeet., Hyde, North Carolina, United States, North America

Type collection: Ashe, W. W. 1898. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 15: 47.; Hitchcock, A. S. & Chase, A. 1910. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 15: 198.; Lectotype: Ashe, W. W. 1898. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 15: 47.; Hitchcock, A. S. & Chase, A. 1910. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 15: 198.

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Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Type fragment for Panicum nodiflorum Lam.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. Michaux
Locality: South Carolina, United States, North America

Type fragment: Lamarck, J. B. A. 1798. Encycl. 4: 744.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Isotype for Panicum taxodiorum Ashe
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): K. K. Mackenzie
Year Collected: 1898
Locality: Lake Charles., Calcasieu, Louisiana, United States, North America

Isotype: Ashe, W. W. 1900. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16: 91.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Holotype for Panicum caerulescens Hack. ex Hitchc.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. S. Hitchcock
Year Collected: 1906
Locality: Miami., Dade, Florida, United States, North America

Holotype: Hitchcock, A. S. 1909. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 219.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Holotype for Panicum gravius Hitchc. & Chase
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. Chase
Year Collected: 1906
Locality: Between Centreville and Mt. Cuba., New Castle, Delaware, United States, North America

Holotype: Hitchcock, A. S. & Chase, A. 1906. Rhodora. 8: 205.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Lectotype for Panicum multirameum Scribn.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined; Status verified from secondary sources
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): C. G. Pringle
Year Collected: 1899
Locality: Near Jalapa; alt. 4000 ft., Veracruz, Mexico, North America
Elevation (m): 1219 to 1219

Lectotype: Scribner, F. L. 1900. U.S.D.A. Div. Agrostol. Circ. 19: 2.; Hitchcock, A. S. & Chase, A. 1910. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 15: 185.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Isotype for Panicum clutei Nash
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): W. Clute
Year Collected: 1899
Locality: Pum Place, from Tuckerton to Atsion., Burlington, New Jersey, United States, North America

Isotype: Nash, G. V. 1899. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 26: 569.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Neotype for Panicum barbulatum Michx.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. Michaux
Locality: Canada

Neotype: Michaux, A. 1803. Fl. Boreali-Amer. (Michaux). 1: 49.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Type fragment for Panicum barbulatum Michx.
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. Michaux
Locality: North Carolina / South Carolina, United States

Type fragment: Michaux, A. 1803. Fl. Boreali-Amer. (Michaux). 1: 49.

Source: National Museum of Natural History Image Collection

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Conservation

Conservation Status

NatureServe Conservation Status

Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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National NatureServe Conservation Status

Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

Source: NatureServe

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