The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Ardelean A., 2003 . 130. Type:Unpublished Dissertation. Title:Revision of the family Actinodendridae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria). No. of pages:273. University:University of Kansas. Date of reference 2003.
• Bossé, L., B. Sainte-Marie et J. Fournier (1996). Les invertébrés des fonds meubles et la biogéographie du fjord du Saguenay. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 2 132: vii + 45 p.
• Carlgren O., 1893 . 58-64, 135, 148, Pl. I fig. 20. Article:Studien über Nordische Actinien. Pages:1-148. Journal:Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Abbreviation:K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. Volume: 25. Number:10. Date of publication: 1893.
• Christidis J., Chintiroglou C. C., and Culley M. B., 1997 . 235. Article:A study of the populations of *Calliactis parasitica* (Couch, 1842) in symbiosis with anomuran decapods in Thermaikos Gulf (N. Aegean Sea). Pages:227-238. Journal:Crustaceana. Abbreviation:Crustaceana. Volume: 70. Number:2. Date of publication: 1997.
• Cline E. I. and Wolowyk M. W., 1997 . 91, 93-95. Article:Cardiac stimulatory, cytotoxic and cytolytic activity of extracts of sea anemones. Pages:91-98. Journal:International Journal of Pharmacognosy. Abbreviation:Int. J. Pharmacog. Volume: 35. Number:2. Date of publication: 1997.
• Duerden J. E., 1902 . 358. Article:Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Pages:323-374. Journal:Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission. Abbreviation:Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. Volume: 20. Part:2. Date of publication: 1902. Comments:.
• Eckelbarger K. J., Hand C. H., and Uhlinger K. R., 2008 . 392. Article:Ultrastructural features of the trophonema and oogenesis in the starlet sea anemone, *Nematostella vectensis* (Edwardsiidae). Pages:3810395. Journal:Invertebrate Biology. Abbreviation:Invert. Biol. Volume: 127. Number:4. DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008/00146.x. Date of publication: 2008.
• Excoffon A. C. and Zamponi M. O., 1991 . 32, 34, 35, 36, 37. Article:La biologia reproductiva de *Phymactis clematis* Dana, 1849 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): gametogenesis, periodos reproductivos, desarrollo embrionario y larval. Pages:25-39. Journal:Spheniscus. Abbreviation:Spheniscus. Volume: 9. Date of publication: Diciembre, 1991.
• Excoffon A. C. and Zamponi M. O., 1996 . 134. Article:Reproducción de *Oulactis muscosa* Dana, 1849 (Cnidaria; Actiniaria) en el intermareal de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Pages:127-143. Journal:Biociências. Abbreviation:Biociências. Volume: 4. Number:1. Date of publication: 1996.
• Fautin D. G., Kozloff E. N., and Siebert A. E., 1987 . 76, 77. Reference type:Chapter. Chapter:Phylum Cnidaria - Class Anthozoa. Chapter Pages:68-78. Book Title:Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. Publisher:University of Washington Press. City:Seattle and London. Date of publication: 1987. Original literature:Download Adobe PDF file .
• Gotshall D. W., 2005 . 28. Reference type:Book. Book title:Guide to Marine Invertebrates: Alaska to Baja California. Edition:2nd (Revised). Edited by:None. Total pages:117. Publisher:Sea Challengers. City:Monterey. Date of publication: 2005.
• Gravier C., 1922 . 25. Reference type:Chapter. Chapter:Hexactinidés provenant des campagnes des yachts Hirondelle I et II et Princesse-Alice I et II (1888-1913). Chapter Pages:104. Book Title:Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco Publiés sous sa Direction avec le Concours de M. Jules Richard. Volume:63. Publisher:Imprimerie de Monaco. City:Monaco. Date of publication: 1922.
• Grieg J. A., 1913 . 144. Article:Bidrag til knudskapen om Hardangerfjordens fauna. Pages:3-147. Journal:Bergens Museums Aarbok [also known as Årbok for Universitetet I Bergen]. Abbreviation:Bergens Mus. Aarbok. Volume: 1913. Number:1. Date of publication: 1913.
• Haddon A. C., 1889 . 298, 316. Article:A revision of the British Actiniae. Part I. Pages:297-361. Journal:Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. Abbreviation:Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soc. Volume: 4. Series:2. Date of publication: 1889.
• Haddon A. C., 1898 . 423. Article:The Actiniaria of Torres Straits . Pages:393-520. Journal:Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society. Abbreviation:Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soc. Volume: 6. Series:2. Date of publication: August, 1898.
• Hauswaldt J. S. and Pearson K. E., 1999 . 652, 658-659. Article:*Urticina mcpeaki*, a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the North American Pacific coast. Pages:652-660. Journal:Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Abbreviation:Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Volume: 112. Number:4. Date of publication: 1999.
• Hertwig R., 1882 . 49. Article:Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Pages:1-136. Journal:Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 (Zoology). Abbreviation:Sci. Res. Voy. H.M.S. Challenger. Zool. Volume: 6. Number:1. Date of publication: 1882. Comments:Also published in German as a book Die Actinien der Challenger Expedition. The English-language version was translated from the German. Although publications on Challenger materials were to be published in the Challenger series before being published elswere, the evidence supports the German-language version as having appeared first. Related references:YES.
• Klinkhardt W., 1914 . 10-13. Reference type:Book. Book title:Tier- und Pflanzenleban der Nordsee. Volume:2. Edition:1. Edited by:None. Total pages:30. Publisher:Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland. City:Leipzig. Date of publication: 1914.
• Kostina E. E., 1988 . 18. Article:Biogeographical characteristics of sea anemones of the Pacific boreal region. Pages:14-21. Journal:Biologiya Morya. Abbreviation:Biol. Morya. Volume: 1988. Number:3. Date of publication: 1988.
• MEDIN (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN, version 1.0.  
• McMurrich J. P., 1901 . 16, 22, 28-35. Article:Report on the Hexactiniæ of the Columbia University Expedition to Puget Sound during the summer of 1896. Pages:1-52. Journal:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Abbreviation:Ann. New York Acad. Sci. Volume: 14. Number:1. Date of publication: May, 1901.
• McMurrich J. P., 1904 . 254. Article:The Actiniae of the Plate collection. Pages:215-306. Journal:Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abbreviation:Zool. Jahrb. Volume: 6 Suppl. Number:2. Date of publication: 9 May, 1904.
• Miller, Roberta. 2012. The museum collection database, Fisheries and Oceans Canada digital collections, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Quebec
• Nevalainen T. J., 2008 . 226, 228, 229. Article:Phospholipases A2 in the genome of the sea anemone *Nematostella vectensis*. Pages:226-233. Journal:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D. Abbreviation:Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D. Volume: 3. DOI:10.1016/j.cbd.2008.04.003. Date of publication: 2008.
• Parker T. and Tunnicliffe V., 1994 . 339. Article:Dispersal strategies of the biota on an oceanic seamount: implications for ecology and biogeography. Pages:336-345. Journal:Biological Bulletin. Abbreviation:Biol. Bull. Volume: 187. Date of publication: December, 1994.
• Pax F., 1914 . 615, 616, 618. Article:Die Actinien . Pages:339-640. Journal:Ergebnisse und Fortschritte aus der Zoologie. Abbreviation:Ergebn. Fortschr. Zool. Volume: 4. Date of publication: 1914.
• Pax F., 1920 . 7-12. Article:Die Aktinienfauna von Büsum. Pages:1-24. Journal:Schriften der Zoologischen Station Büsum für Meereskunde. Abbreviation:. Volume: 6. Number:5. Date of publication: 1920.
• Sanamyan N. P. and Sanamyan K. E., 2006 . 359, 360, 372-375, Fig. 6, 383, 387, Fig. 15A-B, 388, 389, 390. Article:The genera *Urticina* and *Cribrinopsis* (Anthozoa: Actinaria) from the north-western Pacific. Pages:359-393. Journal:Journal of Natural History. Abbreviation:J. Nat. Hist. Volume: 40. Number:7-8. DOI:10.1080/00222930600703532. Date of publication: 2006.
• Sebens K. P., 1998 . 11, 14, 44, 52. Reference type:Chapter. Chapter:Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. Chapter Pages:1-67. Book Title:Marine Flora and Fauna of the Eastern United States. Volume:141. Edited by:J. B. Pearce. Publisher:National Marine Fisheries Service. City:Seattle. Date of publication: 1998.
• Song J. I. and Cha H. R., 2002 . 264-267, 253, 262, 268. Article:Taxonomy of Actiniidae (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Thenaria, Endomyaria) from Korea. Pages:253-270. Journal:Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology. Abbreviation:Korean J. Syst. Zool. Volume: 18. Number:2. Date of publication: October, 2002.
• Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• Verrill A. E., 1869 (1870) . 62-63 [28-29]. Article:Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the Expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [Second part]. Pages:51-104 [reprint 17-69]. Journal:Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Abbreviation:Proc. Essex Inst. Volume: 6. Date of publication: November, 1869 (1870). Comments:From table of contents of journal issue: "Author's copies issued Nov., 1869. Regular issue, March, 1870.".
• Verrill A. E., 1869 . 469-470. Article:Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Pages:377-558. Journal:Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Abbreviation:Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. Volume: 1. Part:6. Date of publication: November, 1869.
• Verrill A. E., 1870 . 559, 560. Article:On the geographical distribution of the polyps of the west coast of America. Pages:558-567. Journal:Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Abbreviation:Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. Volume: 1. Part:7. Date of publication: December, 1870. Comments:. Related references:YES.
• Verrill A. E., 1871 (1870) . 559, 560. Article:On the geographical distribution of the polyps of the west coast of America. Pages:558-567. Journal:Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. Abbreviation:Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. Volume: 1. Part:2. Date of publication: 1871 (1870). Comments:Reprint of 1870 publication. Related references:YES.
• Verrill A. E., 1873 . 356, 364. Article:Explorations of Casco Bay by the U.S. Fish Commission, in 1873. Pages:340-395. Journal:Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Abbreviation:Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Volume: 22. Date of publication: 1873.
• Verrill A. E., 1873 . 440. Article:Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England. No. 3. Pages:435-441. Journal:American Journal of Science and Arts. Abbreviation:Am. J. Sci. Volume: 6. Number:36. Series:3. Date of publication: 1873.
• Verrill A. E., 1873 . 9. Article:Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England. Pages:1-16. Journal:American Journal of Science and Arts. Abbreviation:Am. J. Sci. Volume: 5. Number:25. Series:3. Date of publication: 1873.
• Verrill A. E., 1874 . 413. Article:Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England. No. 6. Pages:405-414. Journal:American Journal of Science and Arts. Abbreviation:Am. J. Sci. Volume: 7. Number:6. Date of publication: 1874.
• Verrill A. E., 1874 . 504. Article:Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England. No. 7. Pages:498-505. Journal:American Journal of Science and Arts. Abbreviation:Am. J. Sci. Volume: 7. Number:7. Date of publication: 1874.
• Verrill A. E., 1879 . 15. Reference type:Book. Book title:Preliminary check-list of the marine invertebrata of the Atlantic Coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Edited by:None. Total pages:32. Publisher:Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, Printers. City:New Haven. Date of publication: June, 1879.
• Verrill A. E., 1879 . 152. Article:Radiates. Pages:151-153. Journal:Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Abbreviation:Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. Volume: 15. Date of publication: 1879.
• Verrill A. E., 1885 . 534. Article:Results of the explorations made by the steamer "Albatross," off the northern coast of the United States, in 1883. Pages:503-699. Journal:Report on the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Abbreviation:Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish Fish. Volume: . Date of publication: 1885.
• Verrill A. E., 1899 . 207-208, 216. Article:Descriptions of imperfectly known and new Actinians, with critical notes on other species, IV. Pages:205-218. Journal:American Journal of Science and Arts. Abbreviation:Am. J. Sci. Volume: 7. Series:4. Date of publication: 1899.
• Verrill A. E., 1899 . 43. Article:Descriptions of imperfectly known and new Actinians, with critical notes on other species, II. Pages:41-50. Journal:American Journal of Science and Arts. Abbreviation:Am. J. Sci. Volume: 7. Series:4. Date of publication: 1899.
• Verrill A. E., 1922 . 104-107. Article:The Actiniaria of the Canadian Arctic Expeditions, with notes on interesting species from Hudson Bay and other Canadian localities. Pages:89-164. Journal:Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918. Abbreviation:Rep. Can. Arct. Exped. Volume: 8. Part:G. Date of publication: 1922.
• WoRMS (2013). Urticina crassicornis (Müller, 1776). In: Fautin, Daphne G. 2011. Hexacorallians of the World. Accessed through: Fautin, Daphne G. 2011. Hexacorallians of the World at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100832 on 2013-03-02
• Zamponi M. O. and Acuña F. H., 1996 (1994) . 2, 9. Article:El genero *Urticina* (=*Tealia*) Ehrenberg, 1834 (Actiniaria) de Barkley Sound (Canada). Pages:1-12. Journal:Physis (Buenos Aires). Abbreviation:Physis. Volume: 52. Number:122-123. Date of publication: 1996 (1994).
• den Hartog J. C., 1986 . 88, 91. Article:The Queen Scallop, *Chlamys opercularis* (L., 1758) (Bivalvia, Pectinidae), as a food item of the sea anemone *Urticina eques* (Gosse, 1860) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae). Pages:87-92. Journal:Basteria. Abbreviation:Basteria. Volume: 50. Date of publication: 1986.
• den Hartog J. C., 1987 . 555. Article:A redescription of the sea anemone *Bunodosoma biscayensis* (Fischer, 1874) (Actiniaria, Actiniidae). Pages:533-559. Journal:Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden. Abbreviation:Zool. Med. Leiden. Volume: 61. Number:36. Date of publication: 1987.
• van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 104-105