Smilax tamnoides — Details

Bristly Greenbrier learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Distribution

Localities documented in Tropicos sources

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Smilax tamnoides var. hispida (Muhl. ex Torr.) Fernald:
Canada (North America)
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1327
Voss, E. G. 1972. Gymnosperms and Monocots. i–xv, 1–488. In Michigan Fl. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1494

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Localities documented in Tropicos sources

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Smilax tamnoides L.:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Monocot. 1–712. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1710

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Localities documented in Tropicos sources

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Smilax hispida var. australis J.B. Norton:
United States (North America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103

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Localities documented in Tropicos sources

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Smilax grandifolia Regel:
Brazil (South America)

Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.

SPECIMEN BASED RECORD. 1986. Field Museum Type Record. http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1104

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Ont.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

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National Distribution

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Canada

Origin: Unknown/Undetermined

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

United States

Origin: Native

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Present

Confidence: Confident

Type of Residency: Year-round

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Physical Description

Morphology

Description

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Vines; rhizomes knotty, short. Stems perennial, climbing, branching, terete, to 7+ m × 9 mm, woody, glabrous, with prickles proximally, prickles usually absent distally; prickles blackish, unequal, 3–10+ mm, bristly, flexible. Leaves ± persistent in southern part of range, deciduous in north; petiole 1–2 cm; blade green, drying to light olive-gray, ovate-lanceolate, ovate, or sometimes pandurate, prominently reticulate, thin, 5–13 × 3–10 cm, not glaucous, glabrous (to prickly on major veins abaxially), base rounded to cordate, margins entire apically, minutely serrulate basally, thin, flat, not banded, not lobed, apex pointed. Umbels many, axillary to leaves, to 25-flowered, open to dense, spherical; peduncle often drooping, 1.5–6.5 cm. Flowers: peri-anth green to bronze; tepals 4–5 mm; anthers ± equaling to shorter than filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel 0.4–1.2 cm. Berries black, globose, 6–10 mm, not glaucous.

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Diagnostic Description

Synonym

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Smilax grandifolia Buckley; S. hispida Muhlenberg ex Torrey; S. hispida var. australis Small; S. hispida var. montana Coker; S. tamnoides var. hispida (Muhlenberg ex Torrey) Fernald

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Type Information

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Type fragment for Smilax grandifolia Regel
Catalog Number: US 1635978
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Card file verified by examination of alleged type specimen
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): ex herb. Gray
Locality: E of Monserrat, Mexico, Central America

Type fragment: Regel, E. A. von. 1856. Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 16.

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Ecology

Habitat

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Wet to dry woods, thickets, bottomlands; 0--400m.

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Associations

Flower-Visiting Insects of Bristly Greenbrier in Illinois

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Smilax tamnoides var. hispida (Bristly Greenbrier)
(Bees suck nectar or collect pollen, flies suck nectar or feed on pollen, while other insects suck nectar; this plant species is also referred to as Smilax hispida; one observation is from Knab as indicated below, otherwise observations are from Robertson and Graenicher)

Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera sn cp (Rb); Apidae (Bombini): Bombus impatiens sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Ceratinini): Ceratina dupla dupla sn cp (Rb); Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada articulata sn (Gr), Nomada maculata sn (Gr), Nomada parva sn (Rb); Megachilidae (Osmiini): Osmia pumila sn cp (Rb)

Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Agapostemon sericea sn cp (Rb, Gr), Augochlorella striata sn cp (Rb), Lasioglossum coriaceus sn (Gr), Lasioglossum forbesii sn (Gr), Lasioglossum macoupinensis sn cp (Gr), Lasioglossum pectoralis cp (Rb), Lasioglossum reticulatus sn (Gr), Lasioglossum tegularis sn cp (Rb), Lasioglossum zephyrus cp (Rb); Halictidae (Sphecodini): Sphecodes confertus sn (Gr), Sphecodes dichroa sn (Gr); Colletidae (Hylaeninae): Hylaeus modestus modestus sn (Gr); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena sp. sn (Gr), Andrena cressonii sn cp (Rb), Andrena forbesii sn (Gr), Andrena rugosa sn (Gr)

Wasps
Sphecidae (Sphecinae): Ammophila kennedyi sn (Gr); Ichneumonidae: Tryphon sp. sn (Gr); Gasteruptiidae: Gasteruption assectator sn (Gr); Vespidae (Eumeninae): Ancistrocerus adiabatus sn (Gr), Euodynerus foraminatus sn (Gr)

Flies
Culicidae: Aedes stimulans sn (Knb, Gr); Agromyzidae: Calycomyza jucunda sn/fp (Gr); Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua sn/fp (Rb, Gr), Eristalis arbustorum sn/fp (Gr), Eupeodes americanus fp (Rb), Helophilus fasciatus sn/fp (Gr), Syrphus ribesii sn/fp (Gr), Toxomerus geminatus sn/fp (Rb, Gr); Empididae: Empis loripedis sn (Rb); Conopidae: Physoconops brachyrhynchus sn (Rb); Tachinidae: Siphona geniculata sn/fp (Gr); Anthomyiidae: Delia platura sn/fp (Gr); Calliphoridae: Pollenia rudis sn/fp (Gr), Lucilia illustris sn/fp (Gr); Muscidae: Coenosia sp. sn/fp (Gr); Sarcophagidae: Helicobia rapax sn/fp (Gr), Sarcophaga sp. sn/fp (Gr); Scathophagidae: Scathophaga furcata sn/fp (Gr); Lonchaeidae: Lonchaea polita sn/fp (Gr), Minettia lupulina sn/fp (Gr), Poecilolycia quadrilineata sn/fp (Gr); Sepsidae: Sepsis vicaria sn/fp (Gr); Chloropidae: Meromyza americana sn/fp (Gr)

Beetles
Pyrochroidae: Pedilus collaris sn (Gr)

Plant Bugs
Miridae: Adelphocoris superbus sn (Gr)

Hilty, J. Editor. 2013. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. illinoiswildflowers.info, version (05/2013)
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations

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Life History and Behavior

Cyclicity

Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering May--Jun.

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Barcode data: Smilax hispida

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The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.

No available public DNA sequences.

Download FASTA File

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Smilax hispida

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 3
Specimens with Barcodes: 6
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Smilax tamnoides

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

National NatureServe Conservation Status

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Canada

Rounded National Status Rank: NNR - Unranked

United States

Rounded National Status Rank: N5 - Secure

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NatureServe Conservation Status

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Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure

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Notes

Comments

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Smilax tamnoides is marked by its dark, flexible, and unequal bristles and leaves with minutely serrulate margins basally. The far-western S. californica appears to be closely related but lacks the serrulate margins of the leaf bases.

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