Overview
Distribution
Range Description
Aceros subrificollis occurs in south-east Myanmar, west, south-west and extreme southern Thailand, and northern Peninsular Malaysia. All previous records from northern Myanmar, India and Sumatra were the result of misidentifications. Historically described as relatively common to very abundant in Myanmar, there have been no recent records and it appears to have undergone a rapid decline, at least in the Sittang valley. In 1993, the Thai population was estimated at <1,000 individuals, although the recent discovery of a single roost of 900 birds in the extreme south suggests that this figure should be revised upwards. Several thousand individuals attend one or two roost-sites in northern Malaysia and this area clearly supports a key population. The Malaysian Nature Society has been monitoring seasonal migration movements since 2004 and has logged a maximum count of c.1,500 individuals at Belum Temengor IBA; this figure indicates a population reduction since surveys recorded >2,000 individuals two decades ago4. Recently, 150 individuals have been recorded flying to roost within Lampi Island Marine Park in southern Myanmar2.
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IUCN
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
It occurs in mixed deciduous, dry and humid evergreen forests, mainly in the lowlands, but also hills to c.1,000 m. It has a varied diet, mainly comprising fruit but also invertebrates and small vertebrates. It nests from January-June, in holes in tall, broad trees.
Systems
- Terrestrial
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IUCN
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
VU
Vulnerable
Red List Criteria
A2cd+3cd+4cd
Version
3.1
Year Assessed
2008
Assessor/s
BirdLife International
Reviewer/s
Bird, J., Butchart, S. & Crosby, M.
Contributor/s
Aik, Y. & Round, P.
Justification
This gregarious hornbill has a small, rapidly declining population as a result of hunting and extensive deforestation. It therefore qualifies as Vulnerable.
History
- 2004Vulnerable
- 2000Vulnerable
- 1996Vulnerable
- 1994Vulnerable
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Trends
Population
Population
Population Trend
Population estimate derived from analysis of records and surveys by BirdLife International (2001). At least 1,000 are known from Thailand as well as strong population centres in northern Peninsula Malaysia and southern Myanmar.
Population Trend
Decreasing
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IUCN
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Threats
Threats
Major Threats
Its size and flocking tendency render it especially vulnerable to hunting, which is a particular problem in Thailand and Myanmar. It is also threatened by rampant deforestation of the lowlands and foothills, a threat exacerbated by its requirement for large areas of forest and large trees for nesting. An additional, more minor threat is posed by the pet trade, and it shows some sensitivity to disturbance, apparently avoiding active logging operations4.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN
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Management
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions
Conservation Actions Underway
CITES Appendix I and II. It occurs in at least four protected areas in Thailand; Huai Kha Khaeng, Hala-Bala, Khlong Saeng and Mae Nam Phachi Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Khao Laem, Kaeng Krachan and Sri Phang-nga National Parks1,3. Belum Temengor IBA appears to be a main stronghold of the species; the Belum proportion is now a protected area called Royal Belum State park, while Temengor remains a logging concession4. Efforts are being made to protect forest in the upper Perak catchment of Malaysia and in the lowlands of Tenasserim (at Myinmoletkat Biosphere Reserve), Myanmar, two areas of crucial importance for this species. It also occurs within Lampi Island Marine Park in Tenasserim, Myanmar2. Hornbill Project Thailand is in the process of collecting and analysing data to determine population densities for the species. Efforts are being made to establish links so that organisations in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia work collaboratively. Conservation Actions Proposed
Conduct further surveys to determine its distribution, status, population size and specific habitat requirements. Establish further protected areas within its range in Myanmar and Malaysia. Consolidate or expand all protected areas supporting populations and enforce strict anti-hunting laws within them. Lobby for improved logging practices that leave patches of old growth or large trees. Promote public awareness and community-based conservation initiatives to reduce hornbill hunting.
CITES Appendix I and II. It occurs in at least four protected areas in Thailand; Huai Kha Khaeng, Hala-Bala, Khlong Saeng and Mae Nam Phachi Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Khao Laem, Kaeng Krachan and Sri Phang-nga National Parks1,3. Belum Temengor IBA appears to be a main stronghold of the species; the Belum proportion is now a protected area called Royal Belum State park, while Temengor remains a logging concession4. Efforts are being made to protect forest in the upper Perak catchment of Malaysia and in the lowlands of Tenasserim (at Myinmoletkat Biosphere Reserve), Myanmar, two areas of crucial importance for this species. It also occurs within Lampi Island Marine Park in Tenasserim, Myanmar2. Hornbill Project Thailand is in the process of collecting and analysing data to determine population densities for the species. Efforts are being made to establish links so that organisations in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia work collaboratively. Conservation Actions Proposed
Conduct further surveys to determine its distribution, status, population size and specific habitat requirements. Establish further protected areas within its range in Myanmar and Malaysia. Consolidate or expand all protected areas supporting populations and enforce strict anti-hunting laws within them. Lobby for improved logging practices that leave patches of old growth or large trees. Promote public awareness and community-based conservation initiatives to reduce hornbill hunting.
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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IUCN
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Wikipedia
Plain-pouched Hornbill
The Plain-pouched Hornbill (Rhyticeros subruficollis) is a species of hornbill in the Bucerotidae family. It is found in forests of the Dawna Range and the Tenasserim Hills of southern Burma, adjacent parts of western Thailand and northern Peninsular Malaysia.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2008). Aceros subruficollis. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 February 2009.
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