Table of Contents
Overview
Distribution
Localities documented in Tropicos sources
Belize (Mesoamerica)
Bolivia (South America)
Caribbean (Caribbean)
United States (North America)
Suriname (South America)
Nicaragua (Mesoamerica)
Guatemala (Mesoamerica)
Honduras (Mesoamerica)
Mexico (Mesoamerica)
El Salvador (Mesoamerica)
Guyana (South America)
French Guiana (South America)
Costa Rica (Mesoamerica)
Brazil (South America)
China (Asia)
Venezuela (South America)
Colombia (South America)
Note: This information is based on publications available through Tropicos and may not represent the entire distribution. Tropicos does not categorize distributions as native or non-native.
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Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100002289
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Killeen, T. J., E. García Estigarribia & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 1993. Guia Arb. Bolivia 1–958. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia & Missouri Botanical Garden, La Paz.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1000017
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Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1103
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Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/866
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Funk, V. A., P. E. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033072
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Nelson, C. 1978. Contribuciones a la Flora de la Mosquitia, Honduras. Ceiba 22(1): 41–64.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/5269
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Merello, M. 2003. Pinaceae. In: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 92: 9–10.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1021912
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Sousa Sánchez, M. & E. F. Cabrera Cano. 1983. Flora de Quintana Roo. Listados Floríst. México 2: 1–100.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/512
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Martínez Salas, E. M., M. Sousa Sánchez & C. H. Ramos Álvarez. 2001. Región de Calakmul, Campeche. Listados Floríst. México 22: 1–55.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018508
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Flora of China Editorial Committee. 1999. Fl. China 4: 1–453. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1018510
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Styles, B. T. & C. E. Hughes. 1983. Studies of variation in Central American Pines III. Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the pines and related gymnosperms in Honduras and adjacent Latin American Republics. Brenesia 21: 269–291.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6671
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Farjon, A. K. & B. T. Styles. 1997. Pinus (Pinaceae). Fl. Neotrop. 75: 1–291.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1010427
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Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1958. Pinaceae. In Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (Eds), Flora of Guatemala - Part I. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(1): 36–56.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/6515
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Farjon, A. K., J. A. Pérez de la Rosa & B. T. Styles. 1997. Field Guide Pines Mexico Central America 1–147. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100000294
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Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. 1–860. In O. Hokche, P. E. Berry & O. Huber Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/1033110
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Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Flora de Antioquia. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. 2. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia. Pp. 1-939.
http://www.tropicos.org/Reference/100008595
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Physical Description
Morphology
Description
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
- Terrestrial
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Source:
IUCN
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Habitat & Distribution
© Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Source:
Missouri Botanical Garden
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Pinus caribaea
No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
Trusted
Statistics of barcoding coverage: Pinus caribaea
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
© Barcode of Life Data Systems
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
- Needs updating
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Source:
IUCN
Trusted
Wikipedia
Caribbean Pine
The Caribbean Pine, Pinus caribaea, is a hard pine, native to Central America, Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It belongs to Australes Subsection in Pinus Subgenus. It inhabits tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, which include both lowland savannas and montane forests. Wildfire plays a major role limiting the range of this species, but it has been reported that this tree regenerates quickly and aggressively, replacing latifoliate trees.[1] In zones not subject to periodic fires, the succession continues and a tropical forest thrives.
It has been widely cultivated outside its natural range, and introduced populations can be find nowadays in Jamaica, Colombia, South Africa or China.
Contents |
Varieties
The species has three distinct varieties, one very distinct and treated as a separate species by some authors:
- Pinus caribaea var. caribaea (Pinar del Río Province and Isla de la Juventud in western Cuba)
- Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis (Grisebach) W.H.Barrett & Golfari – Bahamas Pine (The Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands)
- Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénéclauze) W.H.Barrett & Golfari – Honduras Pine (state of Quintana Roo in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua)
Colonization of the Caribbean Basin
It has been proposed that the pines of Australes subsection (of which caribbean pine is part) arrived to the Caribbean Basin from Southeastern USA.[2] Recently, paleoclimatic[3] and genetic data[4] have been used to propose that Pinus caribaea would have originated in Central America. According to chloroplast genetic data, Pinus caribaea lineages colonized the Caribbean islands from populations in Central America at least twice (one leading to Cuban populations and another leading to bahamaninan populations).[4] Moreover, pine populations in the Caribbean Basin appear to have been larger during the maximum glacial periods, due to the increase in both emerged land and dry conditions.
Conservation
While the species as a whole is not threatened, the typical variety of Cuba has markedly declined due to deforestation and is now considered a vulnerable species by the IUCN. Populations in Bahamas and Turks & Caicos Islands would be particularly vulnerable in a global warming scenario due to the increase in sea level and consequent reduction in the emerged land area.
See also
References
- ^ Vázquez-Yanes, C., A. I. Batis Muñoz, M. I. Alcocer Silva, M. Gual Díaz y C. Sánchez Dirzo (1999). "Árboles y arbustos potencialmente valiosos para la restauración ecológica y la reforestación." (PDF). http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/info_especies/arboles/doctos/55-pinac2m.pdf. Retrieved 2002. (Spanish)
- ^ Adams, D.C., Jackson, J.F. (1997). A phylogenetic analysis of the southern pines (Pinus subsect. Australes Loudon): biogeographical and ecological implications. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 110: 681–692.
- ^ Dvorak, W. S., Hamrick, J. L. &Gutierrez E. A. (2005). The origin of Caribbean pine in the seasonal swamps of the Yucatan. International Journal of Plant Sciences 166: 985-994.
- ^ a b Jardón-Barbolla, L., Delgado-Valerio, P., Geada-López, G., Vázquez-Lobo, A., & Pinero D. (2011). Phylogeography of Pinus subsection Australes in the Caribbean Basin. Annals of Botany 107: 229-241.
- Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Pinus caribaea. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 19 February 2008.
- Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Pinus caribaea var. caribaea. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 19 February 2008.
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Source:
Wikipedia
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