The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• BMLSS (British Marine Life Study Society), (2008). Sea Mammals: Seals Page. www.glaucus.org.uk/seals1.htm, 2008-03-13 00:00:00
• Bernhard Grzimek (1990) Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill: New York.
• Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2012). Pusa hispida Schreber, 1775. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=159021 on 2013-03-02
• Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
• Corbet, G.B. & Southern, H.N., (1977). The handbook of British Mammals. 2nd edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford & London.
• Evans, P.G.H. & Raga, J. A. (ed.), (2001). Marine mammals: biology and conservation New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
• Frost, K.J. and L.F. Lowry. 1981. Ringed, Baikal and Caspian seals - Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775 Phoca Sibirica Gmelin, 1758 Phoca caspica Gmelin, 1788. Handbook of marine mammals. Academic Press, New York.
• Goode, George Brown. 1884. Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States: Section I, Natural History of Useful Aquatic Animals, Plates. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office; Plate 17
• Hammill, M.O. and T.G. Smith. 1991. The role of predation in the ecology of the ringed seal in Barrow Strait, Northwest Territories, Canada. Marine Mammal Science, 7(2): 123-135.
• Harris, S.H. 1991. The handbook of British mammals. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Osney Mead, Oxford. p. 480.
• Hewer, H.R. (1974). British Seals. London : Collins
• Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. (ed.), (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]
• Hyvarinen, H. 1989. Diving in darkness: whiskers as sense organs of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). Journal of Zoology (London), 218(4): 663-678.
• IUCN (2009). Species and Climate Change: More than just the Polar Bear.
• J. A. Allen. 1902. The hair seals (Family Phocidae) of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 16(34):459-499
• Jan Haelters
• Kedra, M. (2010). A Checklist of marine species occurring in Polish marine waters, compiled in the framework of the PESI EU FP7 project.
• Kingsley, M.C.S. 1990. Status of the ringed seal, Phoca hispida, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 104(1): 138-145.
• Kinze, C. C., (2002). Photographic Guide to the Marine Mammals of the North Atlantic. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Lowry, L.F., K.J. Frost, and J.J. Burns. 1980. Variability in the diet of ringed seals, Phoca hispida, in Alaska. Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Sciences, 37(12): 2254-2261.
• Lyderson, C. and M.O. Hammill. 1993. Diving in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) pups during the nursing period. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71(5): 991-996.
• M. J. Dunbar, Arctic and subarctic marine ecology: immediate problems, Arctic 7:213-228, from p. 223 (1954).
• M. S. W. Bradstreet and W. E. Cross, Trophic relationships at High Arctic ice edges, Arctic 3(1)5:1-12, from p. 9 (1982).
• NBN (National Biodiversity Network), (2002). National Biodiversity Network gateway. http://www.searchnbn.net, 2008-10-31 00:00:00
• North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
• Nowak, R.M., (2003). Walker's Marine Mammals of the World. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
• OBIS, (2008). Ocean Biogeographic Information System. http://www.iobis.org, 2008-10-31 00:00:00
• Original description: "Schreber, J.C.D., 1775.  in Schreber's Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, 7 volumes, 1774-1846; 2(13):pl. 86[1775]; text, 3(17):312[1776]."
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Sept 12). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231
• Richard Weigl (2005) Longevity of Mammals in Captivity; from the Living Collections of the World. Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48: Stuttgart.
• Ronald Nowak (2003) Walker's Marine Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore.
• Shetland Sea Mammal Group (2008). Vagrant Seals in Shetland. www.nature-shetland.co.uk/seamammal/rareseals.htm, 2008-03-13 00:00:00
• Smith, T.G. and I. Stirling. 1975. The breeding habitat of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida): The birth lair and associated structures. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53(9): 1297-1305.
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• VLIZ Belgian Marine Species Consortium
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142