The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 'Information Officer', July 30, 1999. "World Conservation Monitoring Centre" (On-line). Accessed November 22, 1999 at http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cis/index.html.
• Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2012). Histriophoca fasciata Zimmermann, 1783. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255017 on 2013-03-02
• Burns, J. 1994. "Alaska Department of Fish and Game," (On-line). Accessed November 22, 1999 at http://www.state.ak.us/local/akpages/FISH.GAME/notebook/notehome.htm.
• C. S. Davis and I. Delisle. 2004. A phylogeny of the extant Phocidae inferred from complete mitochondrial DNA coding regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33:363-377
• David Macdonald (1985) The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Facts on File: New York.
• Goode, George Brown. 1884. Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States: Section I, Natural History of Useful Aquatic Animals, Plates. Washington, DC : Government Printing Office; Plate 18
• Meston, D. 1997. "Seal Conservation Society" (On-line). Accessed November 22, 1999 at http://www.greenchannel.com/tec/main.htm.
• Nowak, R., 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed.. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
• Original description: Zimmermann, E.A.W., 1783.  Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der allgemein verbreiteten vierfüssigen Thiere, nebst einer hieher gehörigen zoologischen Weltcharte. Dritter Band. Weygandschen Buchhandlung, Leipzig, (3rd volume) p. 277.
• Original description: Zimmermann, E.A.W., 1783.  Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der allgemein verbreiteten vierfüssigen Thiere, nebst einer hieher gehörigen zoologischen Weltcharte. Dritter Band, Weygandschen Buchhandlung, Leipzig, (3rd volume) p. 277.
• Orrell T. (custodian) (2013). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version Sept 12). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 11th March 2013 (Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4
• Rice, Dale W. 1998. Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231
• UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
• Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142