The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List (May, 2009) http://www.iucnredlist.org
• 2. Elphick, J. (2007) The Atlas of Bird Migration. Struik, Cape Town.
• 3. Hilty, S.L. and Brown, B. (1986) A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
• 4. Ridgely, R.S. and Tudor, G. (1989) The Birds of South America, Volume I: The Oscine Passerines: Jays, Swallows, Wrens, Thrushes and Allies, Vireos, Wood-warblers, Tanagers, Icterids and Finches. The University of Texas Press, Austin.
• 5. Bristol Zoo Gardens (May, 2009) http://www.bristolzoo.org.uk/learning/animals/birds/ibis
• 6. BirdLife International (May, 2009) http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3784&m=1
• 7. Ridgely, R.S. and Gwynne Jr, J.A. (1992) A Guide to the Birds of Panama. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
• BirdLife International 2009. Theristicus melanopis
• Brouwer et al. (1994) Longevity and breeding records of ibises and spoonbills in captivity. Int Zoo Yb, 33:94-102.
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259