The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• 1. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003 (March 2004) http://www.redlist.org
• 2. BirdLife International 2003 Birdlife’s online World Bird Database: the site for bird conservation Version 2.0. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International (March 2004) http://www.birdlife.net/datazone/search/species_search.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3864&m=1
• 2002. "Longevity and Causes of Death" (On-line). Seaworld and Busch Gardens. Accessed November 11, 2006 at http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Penguins/longevity.html.
• 3. Galapagos Online (March 2004) http://www.galapagosonline.com/Galapagos_Natural_History/Birds_and_Animals/Birds/Penguins.html
• 4. Chan, A. & Durham, W. (2002) Adaptations of the Galapagos penguin for a harsh and unpredictable environment. (March 2004) http://www.stanford.edu/class/anthsci10sc/2002_galapagos_website/Albert-Penguin.htm
• 5. Penguin Taxon Advisory Group (March 2004) http://www.penguintag.org/species_index_galapogos.htm
• 6. International Penguin Conservation Work Group (March 2004) http://www.penguins.cl/galapagos-penguins.htm
• 7. MILLS, K.L. (2000). Diving behaviour of two Galapagos Penguins Spheniscus mendiculus. Marine Ornithology 28: 75–79. Available at http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/28_1/28_1_12.pdf
• Benthall, S. 2006. "Current Programmes" (On-line). Galapagos Conservation Trust. Accessed November 14, 2006 at http://www.gct.org/funded.html.
• Bingham, M. 2006. "Galapagos Penguin" (On-line). Accessed November 14, 2006 at http://www.penguins.cl/galapagos-penguins.htm.
• BirdLife International 2010. Spheniscus mendiculus
• Boersma, P. 1998. Population trends of the Galapagos penguin: impacts of El Nino and La Nina. The Condor, 100: 245-253.
• Davis, L., M. Renner. 2003. Penguins. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
• Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2005. Galapagos Islands. Pp. 80 in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia, Vol. Volume 5, 15th Edition Edition. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc..
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
• Gorman, J. 1990. The Total Penguin. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press.
• Marshall Editions Developments Limited. 1990. Penguins, The Galapagos Penguin. Pp. 49 in J Elphick, ed. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Birds: The Definitive Reference to Birds of the World, Vol. 1, 1st Edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press.
• Richdale, L. 1951. Sexual Behavior in Penguins. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
• Sibley, C., B. Monroe Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.