The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Araya BM & G Millie. 1991. Guía de campo de las aves de Chile. 4ta ed. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago. 405 p.
• Aubin, T., P. Jouventin, C. Hildebrand. 2000. Penguins use the two-voice system to recognize each other. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 267: 1081-1087.
• Aubin, T., P. Jouventin. 1998. Cocktail-party effect in king penguin colonies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265: 1665-1673.
• Baxter, W. 1974. People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution. New York: Columbia University Press.
• BirdLife International 2009. Aptenodytes patagonicus
• Bried, J., F. Jiguet, P. Jouventin. 1999. Why do Aptenodytes penguins have high divorce rates?. The Auk, 116: 504-512.
• Charbonnier, Y., K. Delord, J. Thiebot. 2009. King-size fast food for Antartic fur seals. Polar Biology, 33: 721-724.
• Cote, S. 2000. Aggressiveness in king penguins in relation to reproductive status and territory location. Animal Behaviour, 59: 813-821.
• Dobson, F., P. Jouventin. 2003. Use of the nest site as a rendezvous in penguins. Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology, 26: 409-415.
• Emslie, S., N. Karnovsky, W. Trivelpiece. 1995. Avian predation at penguin colonies on King George Island, Antarctica. The Wilson Bulletin, 107: 317-327.
• Flower (1938) Furter notes on the duration of life in animals. IV. Birds. Proc Zool Soc London, Ser. A:195–235.
• Flower, 1938. Furter notes on the duration of life in animals. IV. Birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Ser. A: 195-235.
• Gauthier-Clerc, M., Y. Clerquin, Y. Handrich. 1998. Hyperinfestation by ticks Ixodes uriae: a possible cause of death in adult king penguins, a long-lived seabird. Colonial Waterbirds, 21: 229-233.
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
• Jouventin, P., P. Nolan, J. Ornborg, F. Dobson. 2005. Ultraviolet beak spots in king and emperor penguins. The Condor, 107: 144-150.
• Jouventin, P., T. Aubin, T. Lengagne. 1999. Finding a parent in a king penguin colony: the acoustic system of individual recognition. Animal Behavior, 57: 1175-1183.
• Kooyman, G., Y. Cherel, Y. Le Maho, J. Croxall, P. Thorson, V. Ridoux, C. Kooyman. 1992. Diving behavior and energetics during foraging cycles in king penguins. Ecological Monographs, 62: 143-163.
• Kooyman, G.L., R. W. Davis, J. P. Croxall, and D. P. Costa. 1982. Diving depths and energy requirements of king penguins. Science 271:726-727.
• Le Bohec, C., J. M. Durant, M. Gauthier-Clerc, N. C. Stenseth, Y.-H. Park, R. Pradel, D. Grémillet, J.-P. Gendner, and Y. Le Maho. 2008. King penguin population threatened by Southern Ocean warming. Proceedings of the The National Academy of Sciences (USA) 105(7):2493-2497.
• Lockley, R. 1984. Seabirds of the World. New York, NY: Facts on File.
• McGonigal, D., L. Woodworth. 2001. Antarctica and the Arctic: The Complete Encyclopedia. Ontario: Firefly Books.
• Nelson, B. 1979. Seabirds, Their Biology and Ecology. New York, NY: A & W Publishers Inc..
• Nicolaus, M., C. Le Bohec, P. Nolan, M. Gauthier-Clerc, Y. Le Maho, J. Komdeur, P. Jouventin. 2007. Ornamental colors reveal age in the king penguin. Polar Biology, 31: 53-61.
• Nolan, P., F. Dobson, M. Nicolaus, T. Karels, K. McGraw, P. Jouventin. 2010. Mutual mate choice for colorful traits in king penguins. Ethology, 116: 635-644.
• Olsson, O. 1996. Seasonal effects of timing and reproduction in the king penguin: a unique breeding cycle. Journal of Avian Biology, 27: 7-14.
• Olsson, O. 1997. Clutch abandonment: a state-dependent decision in king penguins. Journal of Avian Biology, 28: 264-267.
• Otley, H. 2005. Nature-based tourism: Experiences at the volunteer point penguin colony in the Falkland Islands. Marine Ornithology, 33: 181-187.
• Parmelee, D. 1992. Antarctic Birds: Ecological and Behavioral Approaches. Minneapolis: University of Minnnesota Press.
• Putz, K., C. Bost. 1994. Feeding behavior of free-ranging king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). Ecology, 75: 489-497.
• Raymond B, Shaffer SA, Sokolov S, Woehler EJ, Costa DP, et al. 2010. Shearwater Foraging in the Southern Ocean: The Roles of Prey Availability and Winds. PLoS ONE 5(6): e10960. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010960
• Richdale, L. 1951. Sexual Behavior in Penguins. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
• Shirihai, H. 2008. The Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife: Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and the Southern Ocean. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Viera, V., P. Nolan, S. Cote, P. Jouventin, R. Groscolas. 2007. Is territory defence related to plumage ornaments in the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus?. Ethology, 114: 146-153.
• de Villiers, M., P. de Bruyn. 2004. Stone-swallowing by three species of penguins at sub-antarctic Marion Island. Marine Ornithology, 32: 185-186.