The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

  • 1. IUCN Red List (June, 2008) http://www.iucnredlist.org
  • 2. del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1992) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • 2010. "Pygoscelis Papau" (On-line). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed October 23, 2010 at http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/144800/0.
  • 3. Williams, T.D. (1995) Bird Families of the World: The Penguins. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • 4. British Antarctic Survey (June, 2008) http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/wildlife/birds/penguins/gentoo.php
  • 5. Woods, R.W. (1975) The Birds of the Falkland Islands. Anthony Nelson, Shropshire, UK.
  • 6. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
  • 7. World Database on Protected Areas (July, 2008) http://www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa
  • 8. BirdLife International (July, 2008) http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=7176&m=0
  • Adams, N., C. Brown. 1983. Diving depths of the gentoo penguin (pygoscelis papua). The Condor, 85: 503-504.
  • Adams, N., N. Klages. 1989. Temporal variation in the diet of the gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua at sub-antarctic Marion Island. Colonial Waterbirds, 12/1: 30-36.
  • Araya BM & G Millie. 1991. Guía de campo de las aves de Chile. 4ta ed. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago. 405 p.
  • BirdLife International 2010. Pygoscelis papua
  • Bost, C., P. Jouventin. 1990. Laying asynchrony in gentoo penguins on Crozet Islands: Causes and consequences. Ornis Scandinavica, 21/1: 63-70.
  • Cobley, N., G. Bell. 1998. Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) feeding on gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papau). Marine Mammal Science, 14/4: 881-883.
  • Croxall, J., L. Davis. 1999. Penguins: Paradoxes and patterns. Marine Ornithology, 27: 1-12.
  • Cuervo, J., M. Palacios, A. Barbosa. 2009. Beak colouration as a possible sexual ornament in gentoo penguins: Sexual dichromatism and relationship to body condition. Polar Biology, 32/9: 1305-1314.
  • David, Normand, and Michel Gosselin. 2002. The grammatical gender of avian genera. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, vol. 122, no. 4. 257-282
  • Dawson C; Vincent JFV; Jeronimides G; Rice G; Forshaw P. 1999. Heat transfer through penguin feathers. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 199: 291-295.
  • Duignan, P. 2001. Disease of penguins. Surveillance, 28/4: 5-11.
  • Emslie, S., N. Karnovsky, W. Trivelpiece. 1995. Avian predation at penguin colonies on King George Island, Antarctica. The Wilson Bulletin, 107/2: 317-327.
  • Foy, Sally; Oxford Scientific Films. 1982. The Grand Design: Form and Colour in Animals. Lingfield, Surrey, U.K.: BLA Publishing Limited for J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd, Aldine House, London. 238 p.
  • Frédérique, D., F. Cézilly, M. Pagel. 1998. Mate fidelity and coloniality in waterbirds: A comparative analysis. Oecologia, 116/3: 433-440.
  • Gailey-Phipps, J. 1978. A world survey of penguins in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook, 18/1: 7-13.
  • Gales, R., B. Green, J. Libke, K. Newgrain, D. Pemberton. 2009. Breeding energetics and food requirements of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at Heard and Macquarie Islands. Journal of Zoology, 231/1: 125-139.
  • Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
  • Gilpin, D. 2007. Penguins: Lifestyle - Habitat - Feeding - Behavior. New York, NY: Parragon Inc.
  • Johnson, S. 1981. Penguins. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Co..
  • McMillan, B. 1993. Penguins at Home: Gentoos of Antarctica. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Müller-Schwarze, D., C. Müller-Schwarze. 1980. Display rate and speed of nest relief in antarctic Pygoscelid penguins. The Auk, 97/4: 825-831.
  • Naveen, R. 1999. Waiting to Fly. New York, NY: William Morrow & Company.
  • Peterson, R. 1979. Penguins. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Pistorius, P., N. Huin, S. Crofts. 2010. Population change and resilience in gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands. Marine Ornithology, 38/1: 49-53.
  • Polito, M., W. Trivelpiece. 2008. Transition to independence and evidence of extended parental care in the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua). Marine Biology, 154/2: 231-240.
  • Quintana, R. 2001. Nest-site characteristics of a gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papau colony at Cierva Point, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Ornithology, 29/2: 109-112.
  • Quintana, R., V. Cirelli. 2000. Breeding dynamics of a gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papau population at Cierva Point, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Ornithology, 28/1: 29-35.
  • Renner, M., J. Valencia, L. Davis, D. Saez, O. Cifuentes. 1998. Sexing of adult gentoo penguins in Antarctica using morphometrics. Colonial Waterbirds, 21/3: 444-449.
  • Schafer, K. 2000. Penguin Planet: Their World, Our World. Minnetonka: Northwood Press.
  • Spilsbury, R., L. Spilsbury. 2004. A Rookery of Penguins. Chicago, IL: Heinemann Library.
  • Tzvetkov, Y., A. Kril, B. Georgiev, N. Chipev. 1999. Morphology of lesions in the intestinal wall of gentoo penguin, Pygoscelis papau, caused by Parorchites zederi. Bulgarian Anarctic Research, 2: 62-67.
  • Williams, T. 1995. The Penguins: Spheniscidae. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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