Table of Contents
Overview
Distribution
National Distribution
Canada
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Transient
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
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Global Range: (200,000 to >2,500,000 square km (about 80,000 to >1,000,000 square miles)) BREEDING: west-central Alaska, on islands in Bering Sea, in Aleutian and Shumagin Islands, and in eastern Siberia on Chukotski Peninsula and the Commander Islands. NON-BREEDING: from southern Alaska south along Pacific coast to central California; in Eurasia from Commander Islands south to northern Kurile Islands (AOU 1983).
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Physical Description
Size
Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
- Terrestrial
- Freshwater
- Marine
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Comments: NON-BREEDING: rocky seacoasts, breakwaters, and mudflats (AOU 1983). BREEDING: Grassy or mossy tundra in coastal or montane areas (AOU 1983). Nests in the open on the ground. The nest is a depression, lined with grasses and leaves (Harrison 1978).
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Migration
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
Arrives on breeding grounds in May after northward migration (Terres 1980). More northerly summer populations migrate farther south than do more southerly populations.
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Trophic Strategy
Comments: Forages along rocky shores feeding on crustaceans, small mollusks, insects, and worms. Also eats algae, seeds, and berries.
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Population Biology
Global Abundance
100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals
Comments: Morrison et al. (2001) estimated the global population at roughly about 200,000 individuals, with about 150,000 breeding in North America.
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General Ecology
Often seen in association with black turnstones and surfbirds.
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Life History and Behavior
Life Expectancy
Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
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Reproduction
Breeding begins in early June (Harrison 1978). Clutch size usually 4. Incubation about 20 days, by both sexes. Nestlings precocial and downy. Young tended by both sexes.
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Calidris ptilocnemis
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Calidris ptilocnemis
Public Records: 2
Species: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
Justification
History
- 2008Least Concern
- 2004Least Concern
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: N5B,N5N : N5B: Secure - Breeding, N5N: Secure - Nonbreeding
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Reasons: Moderately large range, populations reasonably widespread and secure within range.
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Trends
Global Short Term Trend: Relatively stable (=10% change)
Comments: Morrison (1993/1994) categorized the population trend in Canada as "stable?". Paulson (1993) suggests a population decline in wintering North American birds between 1970's and late 1980's.
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Wikipedia
Rock Sandpiper
The Rock Sandpiper (Calidris or Erolia ptilocnemis) is a small shorebird.
Adults have short yellow legs and a medium thin dark bill. The body is dark on top with a slight purplish gloss and mainly white underneath. The breast is smeared with grey and the rump is black. The Pribilof Islands subspecies of this bird shows a bold black belly patch.
Their breeding habitat is the northern tundra on Arctic Pacific coast of Alaska and the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands. The birds also breed in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. The breeding pair is usually monogamous, with pair bonds usually lasting several years. They nest on the ground either elevated on rocks or in lower damp location. The males makes several scrapes; the female choose one and lays 4 eggs. Both the male and female take the responsibility for incubation.
Birds migrate south to rocky ice-free Pacific coasts in winter. The subspecies leap frog each other for winter, with more northerly breeders passing south of more southerly breeders. It can form rather large wintering flocks.
These birds forage on rocky coasts. They mainly eat insects, mollusks, marine worms, also some plant material. It often feeds up to its breast in water, and often swims. It roosts on rocks near its feeding grounds just above the high tide spray.
References
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Calidris ptilocnemis |
- BirdLife International (2004). Calidris ptilocnemis. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 09 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
- "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0-7922-6877-6
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol 3, Josep del Hoyo editor, ISBN 84-87334-10-5
- "National Audubon Society" The Sibley Guide to Birds, by David Allen Sibley, ISBN 0-679-45122-6
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Unreviewed
Names and Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Comments: C. MARITIMA and C. PTILOCNEMIS constitute a superspecies; they are regarded as conspecific by some authors (AOU 1983).
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