The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• American Ornithologists' Union. 2006. Forty-seventh supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk, vol. 123, no. 3. 926-936
• American Ornithologists's Union. 1998. Check-List of North American Birds (The Species of Birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, Including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands). 7th.ed.. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A..
• Araya BM & G Millie. 1991. Guía de campo de las aves de Chile. 4ta ed. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago. 405 p.
• B., Bruun., & S. Baha El Din.   (1985).  Common Birds of Egypt, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo..  
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• BirdLife International 2009. Chlidonias niger
• Delgado, R.; R.G. Campos; J. Sánchez y Ch. Gómez. 1998. Lista de Aves de Costa Rica/ Checklist of Costa Rican Birds. ASOCIACION ORNITOLOGICA DE COSTA RICA. San José. Costa Rica. 28 p..
• Dunn, E.H. and Agro, D.J. 1995. The Birds of North America, No.147 (Excerpts). http://www.acnatsci.org/bna/excerpts/blktern.html.
• EURING list of longevity records for European birds (Online source)
• Elizondo, L.H. 1992. Especies de Aves Migratorias Neárticas en Costa Rica. Base de Datos de Biodiversidad, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). Santo Domingo, Heredia. Costa Rica. 6 p. (mimeografiado).
• Forbush, E.H and May, J.B. 1955. A Natural History of American Birds of Eastern and Central Notrh America. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, U.S.A.
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
• Lewis, T.J. & F.G. Stiles.1980. Locational checklist of the birds of Costa Rica. Costa Rica Expeditions. San José, Costa Rica.
• M., Tharwat.   (1997).  ‘Birds Known to occur in Egypt’, National Biodiversity Unit, no. 8, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo..  
• North Dakota's Federally Listed Edangered, Threatened and Candidate Species. 1995. http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/distr/others/nddanger/species/chlinige.htm.
• Pearson, G.T. 1936. Birds of America. Garden City Books, New York.
• R., Porter., & D. Cottridge.   (2000).  Birds of Egypt and the Middle East, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo..  
• S., Baha El Din., J. Hobbs., W. Mullie., S. Goodman., & P. Meininger.   (1989).  The Birds of Egypt, Oxford University Press, New York..  
• Sibley, Ch. and B. Monroe, Jr.. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press. New Haven & London. 1111 p.
• Slud, P. 1964. The birds of Costa Rica: Distribution and Ecology. Bulletin of The American Museum of Natural History 128: 5-430
• Slud, P. 1980. The birds of Hacienda Palo Verde, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. 62 p.
• Stiles, F.G. & A. F.Skutch. 1995. Guía de Aves de Costa Rica.Traducción al Español: Loretta Rosselli. Ilustrado por Dana Gardner. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). Heredia, Costa Rica. 580 p.
• Stiles, F.G. 1983. Checklist of birds. Pp. 530-544, In: D.H. Janzen (ed.). Costa Rican Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
• Stiles, F.G. 1984. Status and Conservation of Seabirds in Costa Rica waters. ICBP Technical Publication No2.