The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• BBL - Longevity Records of North American Birds (Online source)
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• Bellrose, Frank C. 1976. Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America. Stockpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
• BirdLife International 2009. Somateria fischeri
• Dickinson, Edward C., ed. 2003. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 3rd edition. 1039
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
• Johnsgard, Paul A. 1975. Waterfowl of North America. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
• Mayr, Ernst, and G. William Cottrell, eds. 1979. Check-List of Birds of the World, vol. 1, Second Edition. xvii + 547
• Todd, Frank S. 1979. Waterfowl: Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York.