The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• BBL - Longevity Records of North American Birds (Online source)
• Baldassarre, G., E. Bolen. 1994. Waterfowl Ecology and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• Bellrose, F. 1976. Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books.
• BirdLife International 2009. Aythya americana
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
• Johnsgard, P. 1992. Ducks in the Wild: Conserving Waterfowl and Their Habitats. New York: Prentice Hall General Reference.
• Kortright, F. 1942. The Ducks, Geese and Swans of North America. Washington, D. C.: The American Wildlife Institute.
• Phillips, J., F. Lincoln. 1930. American Waterfowl: Their Present Situation and the Outlook for their Future. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
• Todd, F. 1979. Waterfowl: Ducks, Geese & Swans fo the World. New York: Sea World Press.