1047583 Polyboroides Least Concern (LC) <i>Polyboroides</i> typus Smith, 1829 Gymnogene de Höhlenweihe en African Harrier-Hawk nl Kaalkopkiekendief pt Secretário-pequeno 2. del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1994) <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: New World Vultures To Guineafowl</i>. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. 686799 1 686799 1419683 false 1 3. Ferguson-Lees, J. and Christie, D.A. (2001) <i>Raptors of the World</i>. Helm Identification Guides, A & C Black Publishers, London. 687119 1 687119 1419683 false 1 1. IUCN Red List (January, 2009) <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a> 687697 1 687697 1419683 false 1 4. CITES (January, 2009) <a href="http://www.cites.org/">http://www.cites.org/</a> 688974 1 688974 1419683 false 1 5. Sinclair, I. and Davidson, I. (2006) <i>Sasol Southern African Birds: A Photographic Guide</i>. Struik, Cape Town. 688975 1 688975 1419683 false 1 6. BirdLife International (January, 2009) <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3412&m=0">http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=3412&m=0</a> 688976 1 688976 1419683 false 1 7. Boshoff, A.F. (1997) Gymnogene. In: Harrison, J.A., Allan., D.G., Underhill, L.G., Herremans, M., Tree, A.T., Parker, V. and Brown, C.J. Eds. <i>The Atlas of Southern African Birds. Volume I</i>. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg. Available at <a href="http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/169.pdf">http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/169.pdf</a> 688977 1 688977 1419683 false 1 8. Burton, P.J.K. (1978) The intertarsal joint of the harrier-hawks <i>Polyboroides</i> spp. and the crane hawk <i>Geranospiza caerulescens</i>. <i>Ibis</i>, <b>120</b> (2): 171 - 177. 688978 1 688978 1419683 false 1 9. African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (January, 2009) <a href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/Text/Convention_Nature%20&%20Natural_Resources.pdf">http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Documents/Treaties/Text/Convention_Nature%20&%20Natural_Resources.pdf</a> 688979 1 688979 1419683 false 1 10. Angehr, G., Schmidt, B., Njie, F., Christy, P., Gebhard, C., Tchignoumba, L. and Ombenotori, M.A.E. (2006) Bird surveys in the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas, Gabon. In: Alonso, A., Lee, M.E., Campbell, P., Pauwels, O.S.G. and Dallmeier, F. Eds. <i>Gamba, Gabon: Biodiversity of an Equatorial African Rainforest</i>. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, No. 12. 688980 1 688980 1419683 false 1 The diet of the African harrier-hawk is quite varied, and includes small mammals such as rodents and bats, as well as birds, eggs and nestlings, lizards, amphibians and insects. It may also occasionally take stranded fish or carrion, and in West Africa often feeds on oil-palm fruits (2) (3). While some hunting takes place from low flight over vegetation or by watching for prey from a perch, the African harrier-hawk is notable for its habit of actively searching for prey in trees, nests, rock faces, and from underneath objects on the ground. It can often be seen clambering about and hanging from tree limbs, running up tree trunks with wings flapping, or hanging from foliage or birds' nests as it searches for food (2) (3) (5). A unique feature of harrier-hawks is the remarkable flexibility of their legs and feet, and the long yellow legs and small feet of the African harrier-hawk are able to bend both forwards and backwards through large angles, enabling the bird to reach into nests, holes and crevices to extract otherwise inaccessible prey (2) (3) (8).</p><p>The breeding season of the African harrier-hawk varies with location (2) (3). During courtship, the male performs a slow, circling display flight, and, upon being joined by the female, the pair may come together, with the female rolling over and the pair sometimes briefly touching claws in mid-air (3). The nest is usually relatively large and built with sticks, in a tree or on a cliff ledge, and lined with sprays of green leaves. One to three eggs are laid, and hatch after an incubation period of about 35 days. Older chicks often kill younger siblings soon after hatching, with usually only one, or sometimes two, chicks raised, which fledge after 45 to 55 days (2) (3). 62600a7d2f20be6b0fa7b4b97863c3d5 2603698 Wildscreen Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 ARKive Copyright Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008. Some rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Supplier ARKive http://www.arkive.org/ 5978 arkive Location Source URL View original data object http://www.arkive.org/african-harrier-hawk/polyboroides-typus/ Citation English cc-by-nc-sa 3.0 Text http://content9.eol.org/content_large.jpg http://content10.eol.org/content_medium.jpg http://content1.eol.org/content_small.jpg 1 3 290 302 4 20 41 8 33 286 6 295 300 9 7 17 226 298 227 13 1 Animalia NOT EVALUATED Animalia 694 Chordata NOT EVALUATED Chordata 695 Aves NOT EVALUATED Aves 7981 Ciconiiformes NOT EVALUATED Ciconiiformes 8016 Accipitridae NOT EVALUATED Accipitridae 104209 Polyboroides NOT EVALUATED Polyboroides 1047583 Polyboroides Least Concern (LC) <i>Polyboroides</i> typus Smith, 1829 Portland State University, MA Education 7 klans BA Physics - Johns Hopkins University MS Education - Johns Hopkins University ME Engineering Physics - University of Virginia 10 peter Ph.D., University of Bristol (1976) D.Sc., Queen's University, Belfast (1990) 11 paddy Asst. Project Manager, Antarctic Invertebrates, Smithsonian Institution Visiting Scientist, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Lab, US Agricultural Research Service, 2005-2006 Hammock, J., Vinyard, B., Dickens, J. 2007. Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1):27-35 PhD, Biological Oceanography, Massachussetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institution, 2005 20470 jhammock University of Michigan, PhD 1997 Thesis: Social behavior and vocal communication of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Member of Ecological Society of America, Entomological Society of America. 25567 csparr 30594 jweckstein 33422 mstuder Postdoctoral Research Associate Biodiversity Synthesis Center 34318 parham Curator of Zoology (Fishes), Field Museum of Natural History 34360 mwestneat EOL Species Pages Coordinator, Ph. D. in Entomology, University of Arizona 1999, Diploma in Biology, Freie Universität Berlin 1989 35200 Katja William Miller, PhD Assistant Professor Baker University Dept. of Biology PO Box 65 Baldwin city, Kansas 66006-0065 35243 WMiller University of California Berkeley 35508 tuco Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University. CV: http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/greene/GreeneCV.html 35534 HarryGreene 1. Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Biology, Willamette University. 2. Animal Behavior 75(6):2005-2011 3. AOU 36132 David.P.Craig 36197 MarthaTestuser Mallari et al 2002 Key Conservation Sites in the Philippines:Haribon/BirdLife Directory of Important bird areas. Bookmark, Makati City Member, Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines 36398 amallari 1 Asst Professor at UNC Wilmington Dept of Biology and Marine Biology 2 author of paper showing for the first time close relationships between flamingos and grebes (van Tuinen, Butvill, Kirsch and Hedges) convergence and divergence in the evolution of aquatic birds, Proc Roy Soc London B (2001): 1345-1350 3 member of flamingo and grebe specialist groups 36429 vantuinenm I have a PhD in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior from the University of Minnesota. I am currently employed as the William A. and Nancy R. Klamm Endowed Chair of Ornithology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Recent relevant publications: Putnam, C. G., A. W. Jones, and R. S. Ridgely. accepted, Cotinga. Documentation of two Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) specimens from Ecuador. Jones, A. W. and R. S. Kennedy. 2008. Evolution in a tropical archipelago: comparative phylogeography of Philippine fauna and flora reveals complex patterns of colonization and diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 95: 620-639. Jones, A. W. and R. S. Kennedy. 2008. Plumage convergence and evolutionary history of the Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus) in the Philippines. The Condor 110: 35-44. Bridge, E. S., G. A. Voelker, C. W. Thompson, A. W. Jones and A. J. Baker. 2007. Effects of size and migratory behavior on the evolution of wing molt in terns (Sternae): a phylogenetic-comparative study. The Auk 124: 841-856. Bridge, E. S., A. W. Jones, and A. Baker. 2005 A phylogenetic framework of the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459-469. 36473 AndyJones Active Member of Wildlife society of Africa, herpetological society of southern Africa and general manager and curator of reptile research and information center (Zebra Country lodge, Cullinan district Pretoria) 37046 Vaughan faculty, Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables, Fl 33124 AAAS, ICRS, Sigma Xi http://www.bio.miami.edu/Fac/Sealey.html 38707 ksealey Director, Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town. Responsible for, among others, the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, South African Bird Ringing Unit. Fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union. 39155 Les_Underhill Faculty (Associate Professor of Biology), Northern Michigan University 39424 aleclindsay Emeritus Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Holdich, Catherine, David M., Noel, Pierre Y., Reynolds, Julian D. and Haffner, Patrick (eds) (2006). Atlas of crayfish in Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 187 pages. Patrimoines naturels, 64. Hudson, Anne V. and Reynolds, Julian D. (1984). Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish biogeographical Society, 8, 63-76. Reynolds, Julian D. (1976). Occurrence of the fresh-water Bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, in British Columbia. Syesis, 9, 365-366. Smyth, Thomas and Reynolds, Julian D. (1995). Survival ability of statoblasts of freshwater Bryozoa found in Renvyle Lough, County Galway. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 95B (1), 65-68. Wickenberg, Maria and Reynolds, Julian D. (2002). A recent Irish record of the woodlouse Acaeroplastes melanurus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Isopoda: Porcellionidae), considered to be extinct in the British Isles. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 26, 60-63. 39544 jrynolds Affiliated with EOL Species Pages Group 39552 lshapiro Conservation Biologist, NGO, Vermont Center for Ecostudies Adjunct Faculty, Antioch University New England Elective Member of American Ornithologists' Union 39959 Bicknelli Curator of marine invertebrates, National Museums Northern Ireland (Ulster Museum) Author Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document, 1992 Edition. Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B. E. 1992. Marine Conservation Society, UK. Revised and extended, 2007, Bernard Picton, Christine Morrow & Rob van Soest. PDf and website 40160 BernardPicton 0 2 0