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Overview
Distribution
Range Description
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National Distribution
Canada
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Transient
United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Non-breeding
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Global Range: (20,000-200,000 square km (about 8000-80,000 square miles)) Breeding occurs on islands off the south coast of western Australia, on Lord Howe Island, on islands off New Zealand (east coast of North Island), and on St. Paul Island in Indian Ocean (AOU 1998). Oceanic range includes most of the Pacific (north to the southern bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska) and the Indian Ocean (AOU 1998). This species is rare but regular off the U.S. west coast.
Coded range extent refers to breeding distribution.
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Physical Description
Size
Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Terrestrial
- Marine
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Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 77 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 0 - 0
Temperature range (°C): 6.146 - 28.632
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.122 - 18.755
Salinity (PPS): 32.479 - 35.436
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.627 - 7.026
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.273 - 1.422
Silicate (umol/l): 1.436 - 11.404
Graphical representation
Temperature range (°C): 6.146 - 28.632
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.122 - 18.755
Salinity (PPS): 32.479 - 35.436
Oxygen (ml/l): 4.627 - 7.026
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.273 - 1.422
Silicate (umol/l): 1.436 - 11.404
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Comments: Nests are in burrows on islands. Otherwise the species is pelagic.
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Migration
Non-Migrant: No. All populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations.
Locally Migrant: No. No populations of this species make local extended movements (generally less than 200 km) at particular times of the year (e.g., to breeding or wintering grounds, to hibernation sites).
Locally Migrant: Yes. At least some populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km.
Observed off U.S. Pacific coast mostly late spring-fall. Rare but regular passage migrant near Hawaii in October and April (Pratt et al. 1987).
Mean maximum distance reached from the Lord Howe Island breeding colony during a foraging event was 804 km (SD = 280) (Thalmann et al. 2009).
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Trophic Strategy
Population Biology
Number of Occurrences
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: 21 - 80
Comments: This species is represented by at least a few dozen nesting coloinies.
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Global Abundance
100,000 - 1,000,000 individuals
Comments: Global population has been estimated at 650,000 individuals (Brooke 2004).
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Life History and Behavior
Reproduction
Egg laying occurs in first week of December; clutch size is 1; young first fly about 89-95 days after hatching (Terres 1980).
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Puffinus carneipes
There are 5 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Puffinus carneipes
Public Records: 5
Species: 21
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
Justification
History
- 2008Least Concern
- 2004Least Concern
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National NatureServe Conservation Status
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNRN - Unranked
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NatureServe Conservation Status
Rounded Global Status Rank: G4 - Apparently Secure
Reasons: Fairly wide nesting distribution in many colonies in the southern Pacific Ocean; large population size; apparently secure but better information is needed on trends and impact of fisheries.
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Trends
Population
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Global Short Term Trend: Relatively stable to decline of 30%
Comments: Trend is uncertain, but no information exists suggesting that the population is declining by more than 30% over 10 years or three generations.
Global Long Term Trend: Unknown
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Threats
Threats
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Comments: In some areas, foraging distribution of nesting birds overlaps substantially with commercial longline fisheries (e.g., east of Australia; Thalmann et al. 2009), and bycatch mortality may be substantial.
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Management
Biological Research Needs: Better information is needed on trends and impact of commercial fisheries.
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Needs: Setting longlines at night may reduce flesh-footed shearwater bycatch in commerical fisheries (Thalmann et al. 2009)..
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Wikipedia
Flesh-footed Shearwater
The Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes, is a small shearwater. Its plumage is black. It has pale pinkish feet, and a pale bill with a black tip. Together with the equally light-billed Pink-footed Shearwater, it forms the Hemipuffinus group, a superspecies which may or may not have an Atlantic relative in the Great Shearwater (Austin, 1996; Austin et al., 2004). These are large shearwaters which are among those that could be separated in the genus Ardenna (Penhallurick & Wink, 2004).
It breeds in colonies, and has two main breeding areas: one in the South West Pacific Ocean includes Lord Howe Island (20,000 to 40,000 pairs) and northern New Zealand (50,000 to 100,000 pairs); the other is along the coast of Western Australia from Cape Leeuwin to the Recherche Archipelago. Another 600 pairs breed on St Paul Island in the Indian Ocean, as well in the Astola Island of Pakistan in the Arabian Sea. It occurs as a summer visitor in the North Pacific Ocean as far north as British Columbia. Flesh-footed shearwaters have been sighted in the Central-North Pacific, above the main Hawaiian Islands as well.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2004). Puffinus carneipes. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 10 May 2006. Database entry includes a lengthy justification of why this species is of least concern
- Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(1): 77–88. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060 (HTML abstract)
- Austin, Jeremy J.; Bretagnolle, Vincent & Pasquet, Eric (2004): A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the Little-Audubon's Shearwater complex. Auk 121(3): 847–864. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0847:AGMPOT]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract
- Penhallurick, John & Wink, Michael (2004): Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Procellariformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Emu 104(2): 125-147. doi:10.1071/MU01060 (HTML abstract)
.jpg){kind=small} | This Procellariiformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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Names and Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Comments: Puffinus creatopus (pink-footed shearwater) and P. carneipes (flesh-footed shearwater) constitute a superspecies (Sibley and Monroe 1990).
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