The following bibliography has been generated by bringing together all references provided by our content partners. There may be duplication.

References

• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes. 2003. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
• Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79
• BirdLife International 2009. Micrathene whitneyi
• Brandt, H. 1951. Arizona and its bird life. Cleveland, Ohio: Bird Research Foundation.
• Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright. 2006. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259
• Hardy, P. 1997. Habitat selection by Elf Owls and Western Screech-Owls in the Sonoran Desert. Tucson: M.S. thesis, University of Arizona.
• Henry, S. 1998. Elf Owl. Pp. 162-164 in R Glinski, ed. The raptors of Arizona. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
• Henry, S., F. Gehlbach. 1999. Elf Owl: Micrathene whitneyi. Pp. 1-19 in A Poole, F Gill, A Poole, F Gill, eds. The Birds of North America, Vol. 412. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologist's Union, Washington, D.C.
• Klimkiewicz, M., A. Futcher. 1989. Longevity records of North American birds Supplement-1. Journal of Field Ornithology, 60 (4): 469-494.
• Lowe, C., W. Steenbergh. 1981. On the Cenozoic ecology and evolution of the Sahuaro (Carnegia gigantea). Desert Plants, 3: 83-86.
• Marshall, J. 1957. Birds of the pine-oak woodland in southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. Pacific Coast Avifauna, 32: 5-122.
• Miller, L. 1946. The elf owl moves west. The Condor, 48: 284-285.
• The Birds of North America Online (Online source)
• White Jehl, C. 1994. Population trends and current status of selected western raptors. Pp. 161-172 in J Jehl, Jr., N Johnson, eds. A century of avifaunal change in western North America. Stud. Avian Biol. no. 15.