Overview
Distribution
Geographic Range
Atlantic Ocean: Stenorhynchus seticornis, more commonly known as the yellowline arrow crab, is most commonly found along the coral reefs of the Caribbean, in the Atlantic Ocean. In North America, this area includes the coral reefs that run along Florida and Texas.
Biogeographic Regions: atlantic ocean (Native )
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Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution
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Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145245
© WoRMS for SMEBD
Source:
World Register of Marine Species
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Physical Description
Morphology
Physical Description
The yellowline arrow crab, on average, is 3 to 6 centimeters in length.
What makes the yellowline arrow crabs unusual is their long, spider-like legs, and and extremely pointed head. The eight legs are extremely long, more than three times the length of their body, and resemble the legs of a daddy long-legs spider. The entire body of the yellowline arrow crab is a medium golden brown in color. Along the dorsal side of the crab's body are stripes that are white, brown, or gold depending on the individual crab. The tips of their legs are a deep violet in color. As crabs grow, they occasionally shed their exoskeleton. The new skin hardens with calcium carbonate, obtained from sea water and by ingesting the old shell (Humann 1992, and Snyderman and Wiseman 1996).
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Type Information
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology
Sex/Stage: male;
Preparation: Alcohol (Ethanol)
Collector(s): J. Bohlke
Year Collected: 1905
Locality: Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean
- Neotype: Goeke, G. D. Stenorhynchus yangi, a new western Atlantic species of arrow crab (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majidae) and a redescription of S. seticornis (Herbst, 1788). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 102 (3): 620636.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat
The yellowline arrow crab lives on coral reefs between depths of 10 and 30 feet (Humann 1992).
Aquatic Biomes: reef
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Habitat
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Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.
http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145453
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Source:
World Register of Marine Species
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Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 167 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 9 - 180
Temperature range (°C): 18.854 - 27.707
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.320 - 9.326
Salinity (PPS): 35.785 - 36.938
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.580 - 4.895
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.093 - 0.521
Silicate (umol/l): 0.756 - 4.328
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 9 - 180
Temperature range (°C): 18.854 - 27.707
Nitrate (umol/L): 0.320 - 9.326
Salinity (PPS): 35.785 - 36.938
Oxygen (ml/l): 3.580 - 4.895
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.093 - 0.521
Silicate (umol/l): 0.756 - 4.328
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Trophic Strategy
Food Habits
The yellowline arrow crab is mainly a nocturnal scavenger, but is also occasionally carnivorous, preying on small feather duster worms and other tiny animals of the coral reefs (Snyderman and Wiseman 1996, and Hauter 2000).
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Life History and Behavior
Reproduction
Reproduction
During mating, a male yellowline arrow crab holds the female against his belly to deposit a sperm packet into the female crab. A female yellowline arrow crab then carries her eggs under her abdomen until they are ready to hatch. The young crabs that emerge are called zoea. They are called zoea only during the larval stage of growth. During this time the zoea are transparent, have a rounded body, and swim towards the surface of the sea They live in open water, feeding on small plankton. The zoea grows and molts the old skin by replacing it with the new skin. Eventually the larval crab emerges from the molt in a new stage, called a megalops. During this stage of growth the body and limbs finally start to look more crab-like in form, though the abdomen has still not folded up. The yellowline arrow crab will continue to shed, replacing their exoskeleton, and will eventually grow to look like any other adult yellowline arrow crab. The reproduction cycle can then begin again (Olhausen and Russo 1981, and Anonymous 2000).
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Stenorhynchus seticornis
There is 1 barcode sequence available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is the sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen. Other sequences that do not yet meet barcode criteria may also be available.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Stenorhynchus seticornis
Public Records: 1
Species: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
None reported
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Animal Diversity Web
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Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
None reported
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Wikipedia
Stenorhynchus seticornis
Stenorhynchus seticornis, the yellowline arrow crab or simply arrow crab, is a species of marine crab.
Contents |
Description
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The body of S. seticornis is triangular, and the rostrum is drawn out into a long point with serrate edges.[1] The legs are also long and thin, up to 10 cm (3.9 in) across,[2] and the animal's carapace may be up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long.[3] Colouration is variable in this species; the body may be golden, yellow or cream, marked with brown, black or iridescent-blue lines; the legs are reddish or yellow, and the claws are blue or violet.[3]
Distribution
Stenorhynchus seticornis is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, from North Carolina and Bermuda to Brazil, including throughout the Caribbean Sea.[3] It lives on coral reefs at depths of 10–30 feet (3.0–9.1 m).[4]
Ecology and behaviour
S. seticornis is nocturnal and territorial.[5] It eats small feather duster worms and other coral reef invertebrates. [5] They are commonly kept in reef aquariums to control bristle worm populations.[6]
Life cycle
During mating, the male places a spermatophore on the female, which she uses to fertilise her eggs. These fertilised eggs are then carried on the female's pleopods until they are ready to hatch into zoea larvae.[5] These swim towards the ocean surface and feed on plankton. They grow through a series of moults, and eventually metamorphose into the adult form.[5]
Taxonomic history
| External identifiers for Stenorhynchus seticornis | |
|---|---|
| Encyclopedia of Life | 1037696 |
| ITIS | 98483 |
| WoRMS | 421957 |
| Also found in: Wikispecies | |
Stenorhynchus seticornis was first described by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1788, under the name Cancer seticornis. It was also described as "Cancer sagittarius" by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793, a name which is now a junior synonym of S. seticornis.[7] Pierre André Latreille erected the genus Stenorhynchus (originally mis-spelt Stenorynchus) in 1818,[7] and S. seticornis was confirmed as the type species by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 1966.[8]
References
- ^ Gilbert L. Voss (2002). "Family Majidae. The Spider Crabs". Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 116–119. ISBN 978-0-486-42068-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=scXKvA97b24C&pg=PA116.
- ^ George Lewbel, George S. Lewbel & Larry R. Martin (1991). "Crustaceans". Diving Bonaire. Aqua Quest Publications. pp. 105–108. ISBN 978-0-9623389-4-6. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OXc8BlfvEbsC&pg=PA106.
- ^ a b c Eugene H. Kaplan & Roger Tory Peterson (1999). A Field Guide to Coral Reefs: Caribbean and Florida. Volume 27 of Peterson Field Guides. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-00211-5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OLYPWMoBkccC&pg=PA163.
- ^ Melissa Block (2001). "Stenorhynchus seticornis, yellowline arrow crab". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Stenorhynchus_seticornis.html. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Emilio Barela. "Arrow crab". WhoZoo.org. http://whozoo.org/Intro2002/EmilioBarela/EB_ArrowCrab.html. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
- ^ "Arrow crab". aquariumslife.com. http://www.aquariumslife.com/crabs/arrow-crab-stenorhynchus-seticornis/. Retrieved February 8,2011.
- ^ a b Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 17: 1–286. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf.
- ^ "Opinion 763. Stenorhynchus Lamarck, 1818 (Crustacea, Decapoda): validated under the plenary powers with designation of Cancer seticornis Herbst, 1788, as type-species". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 23 (1): 19–21. 1966. http://biostor.org/reference/1923.
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