Caragobius comprises two species, C. rubristriatus and C. urolepis; the former has a limited distribution, extending across northern Australia from the Prince Regent River to the Gulf of Carpentaria whereas the latter is known from the east coast of India eastward to Fiji. Caragobius is unique within the Amblyopinae in having: 3-7 anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to first hemal spine (AP); fifth hypural absent; and ribs lacking on 3rd precaudal vertebra. The other features useful in distinguishing it from all other ‘Trypauchen’ Group members are: pectoral fins broadly rounded, symmetrical dorsoventrally; head slightly depressed; no fang-like teeth; no opercular pouch; eyes rudimentary; and pelvic fins rounded.