Table of Contents
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Overview
Distribution
Range Description
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Geographic Range
Pteronotus parnellii is found from southern Mexico to northern Brazil (Herd 1983).
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); neotropical (Native )
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Physical Description
Morphology
Physical Description
Pteronotus parnellii have tufts of hair sticking out of the sides of their muzzles, hence the name "Parnell's Mustached Bat". Members of this species have long and narrow wings, and their wing aspect ratio is greater than most bats. Both their ears and tragus are narrow and pointed, and they have a furless chin. Their dental formula is i2/2 c1/1 p2/3 m3/3. During their annual molt, which takes place from May to July, their coat turns from a dark brown/blackish color to a brilliant orange/fulvous. The male is usually slightly larger than the female (Estrada 2001).
Range mass: 10 to 20 g.
Range length: 73 to 102 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
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Type Information
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Mammals
Sex/Stage: Male;
Preparation: Skin; Skull
Collector(s): Nelson & E. Goldman
Year Collected: 1897
Locality: San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico, North America
Elevation (m): 23
- Type: Miller, G. S. 1902 Sep 12. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 54: 401.
© Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Division of Mammals
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Ecology
Habitat
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Terrestrial
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Habitat
P. parnellii lives in edge habitats (Estrada 2001). These habitats range from humid to arid (Herd 1983). They also live in moist areas in forest (Gray 1843). They range in elevation from coastal lowland areas to 3000 m.
Range elevation: 0 to 3000 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest
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Trophic Strategy
Food Habits
P. parnellii eats moths, butterflies, and beetles (Herd 1983).
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Associations
Known predators
Epicrates inornatus
Diptera
Secernentia nematodes
Based on studies in:
Puerto Rico, El Verde (Rainforest)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
© SPIRE project
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SPIRE
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Known prey organisms
Coleoptera
Lepidoptera
Based on studies in:
Puerto Rico, El Verde (Rainforest)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
© SPIRE project
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SPIRE
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Life History and Behavior
Life Cycle
Development
P. parnellii is born immobile with closed eyes and naked skin, but with good hearing (Herd 1983).
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Reproduction
Reproduction
The females are monestrous. The timing of pregnancy varies from region to region, but pregnancies generally take place from January to July (Gray, 1843). Males and females roost together only around the time of mating (Gray, 1843; Herd, 1983).
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average weaning age: 2-3 months.
Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); fertilization (Internal ); viviparous
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Molecular Biology and Genetics
Molecular Biology
Barcode data: Pteronotus parnellii
There are 43 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank. Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species. See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Download FASTA File
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Statistics of barcoding coverage: Pteronotus parnellii
Public Records: 38
Species: 546
Species With Barcodes: 1
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Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Assessment
Red List Category
Red List Criteria
Version
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Justification
History
- 1996Lower Risk/least concern(Baillie and Groombridge 1996)
© International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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Conservation Status
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
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Trends
Population
Population Trend
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IUCN
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Threats
Threats
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Management
Conservation Actions
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Relevance to Humans and Ecosystems
Benefits
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
P. parnellii may carry rabies, Histoplasma, Scopulariopsis, mites, or bat flies, which are hazardous to humans (Herd 1983).
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Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
This species feeds on insects that are sometimes injurious to humans. It has also served as a model in the study of echolocation.
Positive Impacts: research and education; controls pest population
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Wikipedia
Parnell's Mustached Bat
Parnell's Mustached Bat, Pteronotus parnellii is an insectivorous bat native to North, Central and South America. This bat species ranges from southern Sonora, Mexico south to Brazil. Historically, it had a wider range as fossil specimens have been collected on the island of New Providence, Bahamas. It's a large bat with a forearm length of about 60 millimeters. The ears are short and pointed, and they have no noseleafs, but the lips are wrinkled up and modified into a funnel shape.
These bats live mainly in moist areas, although they can also be found in dry deciduous forests. They roost in caves and tunnels, and sometimes live together with other bat species. The females breed once a year. It was previously thought to be the only bat in the New World to perform Doppler-shift compensation behavior.[3]
References
- ^ "Pteronotus parnellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2007. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 1996. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/18708. Retrieved 09 June 2008.
- ^ Mammal Species of the World - Browse: parnellii
- ^ Smotherman, M. & Guillén-Servent, A. (2008), "Doppler-shift compensation behavior by Wagner’s mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus.", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (6): 4331–4339
- John F. Eisemberg and Kent H. Redford, 2000. Mammals of the Neotropics: Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil.
- Don E. Wilson, 2003. The Smithsonian book of North American mammals.
- Buden, Donald W. (1986), "Distribution of Mammals of the Bahamas", Florida Field Naturalist 14 (3): 53–84
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
Pteronotus parnelli
The Common Mustached Bat, Pteronotus parnelli, is an insectivorous bat species from Central America and South America. It is the only bat in the New World to use Doppler shift echolocation.[1]
References
Source:
Wikipedia
Unreviewed
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