Diaphus holti — Details

Small Lantern Fish learn more about names for this taxon

Overview

Comprehensive Description

Biology

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High-oceanic, found between 225-650 m during the day and between 40-275 m at night exhibiting size stratification with depth and with adult females below 450 m (Ref. 4479). Depth range from 300-777 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Large juveniles, sub-adults and adults from the Mediterranean are known to be migratory (Ref. 4775).

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21

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Distribution

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Azores Exclusive Economic Zone, European waters (ERMS scope), Greek Exclusive Economic Zone, Gulf of Maine, Israeli part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin, North West Atlantic, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=1411
Johnson CL, Runge JA, Curtis KA, Durbin EG, Hare JA, Incze LS, Link J, Melvin GD, O'Brien TD, Van Guelpen, L (in revision) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Gulf of Maine: pattern and role of zooplankton and pelagic nekton. PLoS One. http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/masdea/masdea.php?p=sourcedetails&id=148111
Borges, P.A.V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Gonçalves, V., Martins, A.F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R.S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.) (2010). A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Princípia, Oeiras, 432 pp. http://www.marinespecies.org/ascidiacea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149079
Ramos, M. (ed.). 2010. IBERFAUNA. The Iberian Fauna Databank http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149024
Galil, B.; Goren, M.; Mienis, H. (2011). Checklist of marine species in Israel. Compiled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=149096
Koukouras, Athanasios. (2010). Check-list of marine species from Greece. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Assembled in the framework of the EU FP7 PESI project. http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=142068

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Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay including the Mediterranean to Liberia (uncommon between Morocco to Mauritania). Elsewhere in the Atlantic Ocean, south and east of 50°N and 45°W to 35°N, but east of 35°W to about 20°N. Indian Ocean: two specimens at 29°30'S, 64°56'E.

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21

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Range Description

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The Small Lantern Fish (Diaphus holti) can be found in the Mediterranean and Atlantic from the Bay of Biscay to Liberia. Two specimens have been reported from the Indian Ocean at 29°30'S, 64°56'E (Hulley 1984).

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south and east of 50°N and 45°W to 35°N, but east of 35°W to about 20°N

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Atlantic, including Mediterranean Sea; southwestern Indian Ocean.

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Physical Description

Size

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Maximum size: 70 mm SL

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Max. size

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7.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4479))

Hulley, P.A. 1990 Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4479&speccode=21

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Ecology

Habitat

Environment

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bathypelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 40 - 777 m (Ref. 56504)

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683
Mytilineou, C., C.-Y. Politou, C. Papaconstantinou, S. Kavadas, G. D'Onghia and L. Sion 2005 Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belg. J. Zool., 135(2):229-233. (Ref. 56504) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56504&speccode=20

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Habitat and Ecology

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Habitat and Ecology

The Small Lantern Fish, Diaphus holti is a bathypelagic, oceanic species that has a depth range of 40-777 m. This species undergoes diurnal migrations; during the day it can be found at a depth range of 225-675 m and at night it rises to depths ranging from 40-275 m to feed. This species is an opportunistic predator, feeding upon copepods, euphausiids, ostracods and fish (Kinzer 1982). Spawning takes place in spring and summer. Gravid females are typically found at depths of less than 450 m.

Systems

Marine

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nektonic

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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High-oceanic, found between 225-650 m during the day and between 40-275 m at night exhibiting size stratification with depth and with adult females below 450 m.

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS) http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=2901

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Known from seamounts and knolls

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=sourcedetails&id=145453

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Depth range based on 71 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 68 samples.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 25 - 3200
  Temperature range (°C): 2.826 - 17.069
  Nitrate (umol/L): 0.826 - 21.032
  Salinity (PPS): 34.885 - 39.011
  Oxygen (ml/l): 4.081 - 6.465
  Phosphate (umol/l): 0.104 - 1.405
  Silicate (umol/l): 1.996 - 32.983

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 25 - 3200

Temperature range (°C): 2.826 - 17.069

Nitrate (umol/L): 0.826 - 21.032

Salinity (PPS): 34.885 - 39.011

Oxygen (ml/l): 4.081 - 6.465

Phosphate (umol/l): 0.104 - 1.405

Silicate (umol/l): 1.996 - 32.983

Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Depth: 40 - 650m.
From 40 to 650 meters.

Habitat: bathypelagic. High-oceanic, found between 225-650 m during the day and between 40-275 m at night exhibiting size stratification with depth. Post larvae and small juveniles non-migratory while large juveniles and adults migratory. Sexually mature from about 45 mm (Ref. 4775).

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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&speccode=4683

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Molecular Biology and Genetics

Molecular Biology

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Diaphus holti

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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 8
Species With Barcodes: 1

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Conservation

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List Assessment

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Red List Category

LC

Least Concern

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2010

Assessor/s

Paxton, J.R.

Reviewer/s

Collen, B., Richman, N., Beresford, A., Chenery, A. & Ram, M.

Contributor/s

De Silva, R., Milligan, H., Lutz, M., Batchelor, A., Jopling, B., Kemp, K., Lewis, S., Lintott, P., Sears, J., Wilson, P., Smith, J. and Livingston, F.

Justification

The Small Lantern Fish, Diaphus holti, has been assessed as Least Concern. Although this broadly distributed species is taken as by-catch by commercial fishery operations, this species is not normally taken in bottom trawls perhaps as a result of its small size. Due to the depths at which this species can be found it is unlikely to be significantly impacted by any other major threats.

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Trends

Population

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Population

There is no population information available for this species, however, species from the Myctophidae family are reported to be very common oceanic fishes (FAO 1999).

Population Trend

Unknown

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Threats

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Least Concern (LC)

IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073

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Major Threats

It is unlikely that any major widespread threat is impacting the Small Lantern Fish. However, this species has been observed within the by-catch of commercial trawls. A study on the Cretan continental shelf has shown that this species is not usually captured by bottom trawling equipment (Kallianiotis et al. 2000). DUe to the depths at which this species can be found, it is unlikely to be significantly impacted by any other major threats.

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Management

Conservation Actions

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Conservation Actions

There are no known species-specific conservation measures in place for Diaphus holti.

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Wikipedia

Diaphus holti

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Diaphus holti, the Small lanternfish, is a species of lanternfish found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. This species grows to a length of 7.0 centimetres (2.8 in) SL.

References

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). "Diaphus holti" in FishBase. April 2012 version.

This class Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fish) related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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