Older version of Agave americana

Agave americana

Agave americana L. by Thomas Medland 1799

Agave americana, commonly known as the Century Plant, is an agave originally from Mexico but cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant. It has since naturalised in many regions and grows wild in Europe, South Africa, India, and Australia.^[2]

1 Description
2 Taxonomy and naming
- 2.1 Subspecies
3 Uses
4 Pictures
5 Heraldry
6 See also
7 References

Description

It has a spreading rosette (about 4 m/13 ft wide) of gray-green leaves up to 2 m (6.6 ft) long, each with a spiny margin and a heavy spike at the tip that can pierce to the bone. Its common name derives from its habit of only occasionally flowering, but when it does, the spike with a cyme of big yellow flowers may reach up to 8 m (26 ft) in height. The plant dies after flowering, but produces suckers or adventitious shoots from the base, which continue its growth. The average lifespan is around 10 years.

Cultivated varieties include the "marginata" with yellow stripes along the margins of each leaf, "medio-picta alba" with a central white band, "medio-picta aurea" with a central yellow band, "striata" with multiple yellow to white stripes along the leaves, and "variegata" with white edges on the leaves.^[3]

Taxonomy and naming

Agave americana was one of the many species first described by the father of taxonomy Carl Linnaeus, and appeared in the 1753 edition of Species Plantarum.

It is known by a variety of common names, including Century plant and maguey. It is also known as the American Aloe, although it is in a different family from the true aloes.

Subspecies

Agave americana var. americana
Agave americana var. expansa
Agave americana var. latifolia
Agave americana var. oaxacensis
Agave americana ssp. protamericana

Uses

If the flower stem is cut without flowering, a sweet liquid called agua miel ("honey water") gathers in the heart of the plant. This may be fermented to produce the drink called pulque. The leaves also yield fibers, known as pita, which are suitable for making rope, matting, coarse cloth and are used for embroidery of leather in a technique known as piteado. Both pulque and maguey fibre were important to the economy of pre-Columbian Mexico. Production continues today to a much lesser extent. Agave nectar (also called agave syrup) has recently been marketed as a healthful natural sugar substitute.

The sap is quite acidic and can be quite painful if it comes in contact with the skin. It can form small blisters.

Tequila is made from a different species, the Blue Agave (A. tequilana).

Pictures

	In bloom
	In bloom	in Rookwood Cemetery, Sydney, Australia	'Medio-Picta'
South of France, September 1978.	close-up, showing spike		var. americana
Agave (americana), Yemen.