Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and northern Gulf of Mexico to Panama and Venezuela. A southern form is known from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C., 1953; Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994; Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall, 1999; Moe, A.M. Jr., 1992; Schumann, B., 1969; Smith, C.L., 1997; Wicklund, R.I., S.J. Wilk and L. Ogren, 1969.
