Demersal; marine; depth to 200 m. Gregarious. Inshore and offshore. Coastal waters in spring, returning to deeper waters in winter.
- Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder,W.C., 1953; Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990; Frimodt, C., 1995.
