Warm waters on the east and west coasts of America, north rarely to Cape Cod, straying to the Gulf of Maine and to Nova Scotia; common from Chesapeake Bay southward.
- Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder, 1953; Cervigón, F., 1993; Coupal, L., E. B?rd, C. Peguero and I.S. Durante, 1992; Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986; Whiteheat, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, and E. Tortonese, 1984.
