Pelagic; brackish; marine; depth to 200 m. Cold and temperate shelf waters, schooling near the surface. Overwinter in deep waters, move closer to shore when water temperatures warm to 11° to 14°C.
- Bigelow, H. B. and Schroeder, W. C., 1953; Collette, B. B. and C. E. Nauen, 1983; Frimodt, C., 1995; Whiteheat, P. J. P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J., Tortonese, E., 1984.
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Gulf of Maine Area Census of Marine Life
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- 2010-10-02 01:46:30 UTC
