Eastern oysters are common in estuaries of reduced salinity throughout their natural range, where they build hard bottoms variously called reefs, beds, or bars.
- Abbott, R. 1974. American Seashells. The Marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 663 pp.
- Galtsoff, P. S. 1964. The American Oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Fishery Bulletin 64:1-480.
- Kennedy, V., R. I. E. Newell & A. F. Eble (editors). 1996. The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica. Maryland Sea Grant, College Park, Maryland. 734 pp.
