There are no conservation issues with respect to D. melanogaster.  Its synanthropic habitat makes it a robust species and its tolerance to a wide range of temperature (in the laboratory it can breed over the range 13-30C) makes it unlikely that it will be much affected by climate change.

Some species of drosophilid, particularly some of the Hawaiian species are, however, critically endangered, due to habit destruction, the use of insecticides by the sugar cane industry and the introduction of predators, such as the yellow jacket.