- Diaphus adenomus C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Gilbert's large lantern fish)
- Diaphus aliciae Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus anderseni Tåning, 1932 (Andersen's lantern fish)
- Diaphus antonbruuni B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus arabicus B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus basileusi Becker & Prut'ko, 1984
- Diaphus bertelseni B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1966 (Bertelsen's lanternfish)
- Diaphus brachycephalus Tåning, 1928 (Short-headed lantern fish)
- Diaphus burtoni Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus chrysorhynchus C. H. Gilbert & Cramer, 1897 (Golden-nosed lantern fish)
- Diaphus coeruleus (Klunzinger, 1871) (Blue lantern fish)
- Diaphus confusus Becker, 1992
- Diaphus dahlgreni Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus danae Tåning, 1932 (Dana lanternfish)
- Diaphus dehaveni Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus diadematus Tåning, 1932 (Crown lanternfish)
- Diaphus diademophilus B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus drachmanni Tåning, 1932 (Drachmann's lanternfish)
- Diaphus dumerilii (Bleeker, 1856)
- Diaphus effulgens (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896) (Headlight fish)
- Diaphus ehrhorni Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus faustinoi Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus fragilis Tåning, 1928 (Fragile lantern fish)
- Diaphus fulgens (A. B. Brauer, 1904)
- Diaphus garmani C. H. Gilbert, 1906 (Garman's lanternfish)
- Diaphus gigas C. H. Gilbert, 1913
- Diaphus handi Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus holti Tåning, 1918 (Small lantern fish)
- Diaphus hudsoni Zurbrigg & W. B. Scott, 1976 (Hudson's lanternfish)
- Diaphus impostor B. G. Nafpaktitis, D. A. Robertson & Paxton, 1995 (Imposter lanternfish)
- Diaphus jenseni Tåning, 1932 (Jensen's lanternfish)
- Diaphus kapalae B. G. Nafpaktitis, D. A. Robertson & Paxton, 1995 (Kapala lanternfish)
- Diaphus knappi B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus kora B. G. Nafpaktitis, D. A. Robertson & Paxton, 1995
- Diaphus kuroshio Kawaguchi & B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus lobatus B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus longleyi Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus lucidus (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896) (Spotlight lanternfish)
| - Diaphus lucifrons Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus luetkeni (A. B. Brauer, 1904) (Luetken's lanternfish)
- Diaphus malayanus M. C. W. Weber, 1913 (Malayan lanternfish)
- Diaphus mascarensis Becker, 1990
- Diaphus meadi B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978 (Mead's lanternfish)
- Diaphus megalops B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus metopoclampus (Cocco, 1829) (Spothead lantern fish)
- Diaphus minax B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1968
- Diaphus mollis Tåning, 1928 (Soft lanternfish)
- Diaphus nielseni B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1978
- Diaphus ostenfeldi Tåning, 1932 (Ostenfeld's lanternfish)
- Diaphus pacificus Parr, 1931 (Pacific headlightfish)
- Diaphus pallidus Gjøsæter, 1989
- Diaphus parini Becker, 1992
- Diaphus parri Tåning, 1932 (Parr's lanternfish)
- Diaphus perspicillatus (J. D. Ogilby, 1898) (Transparent lantern fish)
- Diaphus phillipsi Fowler, 1934 (Bolin's lantern fish)
- Diaphus problematicus Parr, 1928 (Problematic lanternfish)
- Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco, 1838) (White-spotted lantern fish)
- Diaphus regani Tåning, 1932 (Regan's lanternfish)
- Diaphus richardsoni Tåning, 1932
- Diaphus rivatoni Bourret, 1985
- Diaphus roei B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1974
- Diaphus sagamiensis C. H. Gilbert, 1913
- Diaphus schmidti Tåning, 1932
- Diaphus signatus C. H. Gilbert, 1908
- Diaphus similis Wisner, 1974
- Diaphus splendidus (A. B. Brauer, 1904) (Horned lanternfish)
- Diaphus suborbitalis M. C. W. Weber, 1913
- Diaphus subtilis B. G. Nafpaktitis, 1968
- Diaphus taaningi Norman, 1930
- Diaphus termophilus Tåning, 1928 (Taaning's lantern fish)
- Diaphus theta C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1890 (California headlightfish)
- Diaphus thiollierei Fowler, 1934 (Thiolliere's lanternfish)
- Diaphus trachops Wisner, 1974
- Diaphus umbroculus Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus vanhoeffeni (A. B. Brauer, 1906)
- Diaphus watasei D. S. Jordan & Starks, 1904 (Watases lanternfish)
- Diaphus whitleyi Fowler, 1934
- Diaphus wisneri B. G. Nafpaktitis, D. A. Robertson & Paxton, 1995
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