Biology
Larval pelagic phase is long (Ref. 89402).
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Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon 1990 Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5179&speccode=7037
