Rubus species are found in a diverse range of ecosystems, and provide food for numerous species of birds (at least 97 species in North America), mammals (at least 28 species, ranging from small mammals to fur species to hoofed browsers), and insects.
(Martin et al. 1951.)
- Martin, A.C., H.S. Zim, and A.L. Nelson. 1951. American wildlife & plants a guide to wildlife food habits: the use of trees, shrubs, weeds, and herbs by birds and mammals of the United States. Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior. New York: Dover. pp. 324–326.
