Threats
Major Threats
This species is taken as bycatch of demersal trawl, gillnet, trammel net and bottom longline fisheries. There is a high level of exploitation over the continental shelf and upper slope in the Mediterranean Sea (Massuti and Moranta 2003, Aldebert 1997). In some areas, such as the Balearic Islands, this species is more common in shallow waters, where it is taken in trammel net (targeting cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and teleost fishes), gillnet (targeting Lobster (Palinurus elephas) and Red Mullet (Mullus surmuletus)) and bottom longline fisheries (targeting groupers Epinephelus spp. and Sparidae) (Morey et al. 2006). Trawl fisheries operating on the upper shelf, targeting red mullet Mullus surmuletus, caramel Spicara smaris and small hake Merluccius merluccius in this area also partially overlap with its range. Species specific data are not available because landings of skates are grouped as ‘rays’.
