Otis tarda breeds in Morocco (c.150 birds⁶), Portugal (1,435 birds¹), Spain (23,055-25,000 birds^1,7,8), Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Hungary (1,100-1,300 birds), Bulgaria, Romania (nearly extirpated), Moldova, Turkey (800-3,000 birds), Iran, Russia (8,000 birds³), Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia (1,000 birds), and China (2,250-3,300 birds⁴); and a reintroduction scheme is currently taking place in the United Kingdom. The population may number 45,000 individuals of which 4,200-4,500 occur in east Asia. Its Palearctic range is becoming increasingly disjunct and there have been rapid declines and some extinctions throughout eastern and central Europe and in parts of Asia, particularly Kazakhstan and Mongolia⁴. Most populations are partially migratory and 8,000-10,000 birds occur on passage or in winter in Ukraine².