Eudyptes sclateri breeds on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands (1 km² and 20 km² respectively), New Zealand. In 1978, the population on the Bounty Islands was estimated at 115,000 pairs, spread over nine tiny islands⁶. A survey in 1997-1998 estimated a total of 28,000 breeding pairs^1,2. Census methods differed, making comparisons less useful⁷, but the results suggest that a large decline may have taken place. The population on the Antipodes in 1978 was believed to be of a similar size to the Bounty Islands in the same year. In 1995, ground surveys indicated c.49,000-57,000 pairs⁷, representing a decline of c.50% in 20 years, and there have been further decreases since^8,9. These declines are supported by photographic evidence. The population on Campbell Island numbered 20-30 pairs in 1986-1987, but no breeding was seen. A few hundred birds bred there in the 1940s⁷. Winter distribution at sea is largely unknown, the only records being from the Cook Strait and off the east coast of the South Island⁵.