Since the turn of the century raccoon populations have grown and their distribution may have expanded. Their ability to adapt to human-dominated landscapes has contributed to their expansion in numbers and range. Small, isolated, island populations of raccoons may, on the other hand, be threatened. Recent authors consider some island species of raccoons to be conspecific with Procyon lotor, these include: P. insularis (Marias Islands, Mexico), P. gloveralleni (Barbados), P. maynardi (Bahamas), P. minor (Guadeloupe Island, French Antilles), and P. pygameus (Cozumel Island, Mexico). All of these are considered endangered, P. gloveralleni is extinct. (Nowak, 1991; Wilson and Ruff, 1999)