Global Protection: Many to very many (13 to >40) occurrences appropriately protected and managed

Comments: Protected in the United States and Canada under the Migratory Bird Treaty and endangered species legislation. Hundreds of EOs are in wildlife refuges, national, state, and provincial parks, and remote wilderness areas. The arctic peregrine is currently listed under Appendix 1 of The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), an international agreement that restricts trade in rare and endangered species. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, has the largest nesting population on a single land management unit in the contiguous U.S. (Brown et al. 1992).

Needs: Continue efforts to protect birds from environmental contaminants.