Macrohabitat: Lowlands, 4-355 meters altitude. Microhabitat: On warm, open preferably loamy ground in Europe, such as cultivated fields (e.g., hay, bean), meadows, pastures, gardens, parks, roadsides. Dispersal abilities: Brachypterous, hence flightless thus vagility limited to walking or running. Seasonal occurrence: Adults have been found in April- July, and November. Behavior: Mostly diurnal, active in the sunshine. Adults found overwintering in the ground in Europe. Life span is several years, at least in captivity. Adults are predaceous on earthworms, caterpillars, insects, mollusks, and they also feed on carrion and vegetal matter in Europe. They are spring breeders. Very effective as a colonist. (Erwin, 2001; Larochelle & Lariviere, 2003; Lindroth, 1961 & 1985; Data from NMNH collection)