Known predators
Crustacea is prey of:
Clevelandia
Citharichthys sordidus
Pleuronichthys verticalis
Citharichthys xanthostigma
Actinopterygii
Alburnus alburnus
bleak
Geococcyx californianus
Aves
Nematoda
Gambusia
Heterandria formosa
Decapoda
Floridichthys carpio
Lophogobius cyprinoides
high carnivores
Copepoda
Callinectes sapidus
Sialis fuliginosa
Plectrocnemia conspersa
Macropelopia goetghebueri
Trissopelopia longimana
Zavrelimyia barbatipes
Other suspension feeders
Mya arenaria
Crassostrea virginica
Polychaeta
Nereis
Crustacea
Anthopleura elegantissima
Huso huso
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Pseudodoras niger
Lates niloticus
Amphiprion percula
Coris aygula
Caretta caretta
Gavia immer
Gavia stellata
Diomedea epomophora
Eudocimus ruber
Anas fulvigula
Recurvirostra americana
Larus californicus
Larus canus
Fratercula cirrhata
Mimus polyglottos
Plectrophenax nivalis
Corvus caurinus
Lagenorhynchus australis
Lagenorhynchus cruciger
Phocoenoides dalli
Delphinapterus leucas
Monodon monoceros
Mesoplodon europaeus
Balaenoptera musculus
Balaena mysticetus
Eubalaena glacialis
Enhydra lutris
Lontra canadensis
Mustela vison
Arctocephalus australis
Phoca largha
Monachus tropicalis
Mirounga leonina
Ardea alba
Cebus olivaceus
Dasyprocta punctata
Herpestes edwardsii
Lutrogale perspicillata
Osbornictis piscivora
Prionailurus iriomotensis
Calloplesiops altivelis
Based on studies in:
USA: California (Estuarine, Intertidal, Littoral)
USA: California, Southern California (Marine, Sublittoral)
USA: Alaska, Aleutian Islands (Coastal)
England, River Thames (River)
Netherlands: Wadden Sea, Ems estuary (Estuarine)
USA: Florida, Everglades (Estuarine)
USA: Maryland, Chesapeake Bay (Estuarine)
England: River Medway (River)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
Clevelandia
Citharichthys sordidus
Pleuronichthys verticalis
Citharichthys xanthostigma
Actinopterygii
Alburnus alburnus
bleak
Geococcyx californianus
Aves
Nematoda
Gambusia
Heterandria formosa
Decapoda
Floridichthys carpio
Lophogobius cyprinoides
high carnivores
Copepoda
Callinectes sapidus
Sialis fuliginosa
Plectrocnemia conspersa
Macropelopia goetghebueri
Trissopelopia longimana
Zavrelimyia barbatipes
Other suspension feeders
Mya arenaria
Crassostrea virginica
Polychaeta
Nereis
Crustacea
Anthopleura elegantissima
Huso huso
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Pseudodoras niger
Lates niloticus
Amphiprion percula
Coris aygula
Caretta caretta
Gavia immer
Gavia stellata
Diomedea epomophora
Eudocimus ruber
Anas fulvigula
Recurvirostra americana
Larus californicus
Larus canus
Fratercula cirrhata
Mimus polyglottos
Plectrophenax nivalis
Corvus caurinus
Lagenorhynchus australis
Lagenorhynchus cruciger
Phocoenoides dalli
Delphinapterus leucas
Monodon monoceros
Mesoplodon europaeus
Balaenoptera musculus
Balaena mysticetus
Eubalaena glacialis
Enhydra lutris
Lontra canadensis
Mustela vison
Arctocephalus australis
Phoca largha
Monachus tropicalis
Mirounga leonina
Ardea alba
Cebus olivaceus
Dasyprocta punctata
Herpestes edwardsii
Lutrogale perspicillata
Osbornictis piscivora
Prionailurus iriomotensis
Calloplesiops altivelis
Based on studies in:
USA: California (Estuarine, Intertidal, Littoral)
USA: California, Southern California (Marine, Sublittoral)
USA: Alaska, Aleutian Islands (Coastal)
England, River Thames (River)
Netherlands: Wadden Sea, Ems estuary (Estuarine)
USA: Florida, Everglades (Estuarine)
USA: Maryland, Chesapeake Bay (Estuarine)
England: River Medway (River)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- G. E. MacGinitie, Ecological aspects of a California marine estuary, Am. Midland Nat. 16(5):629-765, from p. 652 (1935).
- T. A. Clark, A. O. Flechsig, R. W. Grigg, Ecological studies during Project Sealab II, Science 157(3795):1381-1389, from p. 1384 (1967).
- C. A. Simenstad, J. A. Estes, K. W. Kenyon, Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities, Science 200:403-411, from p. 404 (1978).
- K. H. Mann, R. H. Britton, A. Kowalczewski, T. J. Lack, C. P. Mathews and I. McDonald, Productivity and energy flow at all trophic levels in the River Thames, England. In: Productivity Problems of Freshwaters, Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska, Eds. (P
- K. H. Mann, Case history: The River Thames. In: River Ecology and Man (R. T. Oglesby, C. A. Carlson, J. A. McCann, Eds.), Academic Press, New York and London, pp. 215-232 (1972), from p. 224.
- F. B. van Es, A preliminary carbon budget for a part of the Ems estuary: The Dollard, Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 30:283-294, from p. 292 (1977).
- W. E. Odum and E. J. Heald, The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community, In Estuarine Research, Vol. 1, Chemistry, Biology and the Estuarine System, Academic Press, New York, pp. 265-286, from p. 281 (1975).
- A. G. Hildrew, C. R. Townsend and A. Hasham, 1985. The predatory Chironomidae of an iron-rich stream: feeding ecology and food web structure. Ecol. Entomol. 10:403-413, from p. 412.
- Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
- Baird D, Ulanowicz RE (1989) The seasonal dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Ecol Monogr 59:329364
