Known predators
Araneae is prey of:
Lagopus
Plectrophenax nivalis
Calidris maritima
Anura
Agelaius phoeniceus
Quiscalus quiscula
Melospiza melodia
Dendroica petechia
Geothlypis trichas
Empidonax minimus
Vireo gilvus
Icterus galbula
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Catharus fuscescens
Poecile atricapillus
Rana pipiens
Paridae
parasites
Aves
Lepidosauria
Hirundinidae
Scolopacidae
Talpinae
Aporosaura
Typhlosaurus
Red racer
Pituophis
Crotalus
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Mephitinae
Onychomys
Geococcyx velox
Phasianidae
Timaliidae
Serpentes
Varanidae
Canis aureus
Erinaceus europaeus
bultul
Laniidae
Saxicoloides fulicata
Vulpes vulpes
Passeriformes
Calamospiza melanocorys
Peromyscus maniculatus
Orthoptera
Buteo jamaicensis
Saurothera vieilloti
Amphisbaena caeca
Herpestes auropunctatus
Eleutherodactylus coqui
Eleutherodactylus richmondi
Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
Eleutherodactylus wightmanae
Eleutherodactylus eneidae
Melanerpes portoricensis
Todus mexicanus
Mimocichla plumbea
Margarops fuscatus
Anolis cuvieri
Anolis evermanni
Anolis stratulus
Anolis gundlachi
Leptodactylus albilabris
Vireo latimeri
Nesospingus speculiferus
Icterus dominicensis
Mimetes portoricensis
Vireo altiloquus
Seiurus aurocapillus
Seiurus motacilla
Sphaerodactylus klauberi
Sphaerodactylus macrolepis
Diploglossus pleei
Geophilomorpha
Chlorostilbon maugeus
Anthracothorax viridis
Mniotilta varia
Parula americana
Dendroica caerulescens
Dendroica discolor
Setophaga ruticilla
Coereba flaveola
Loxigilla portoricensis
Pseudoscorpionida
Tyrannus dominicensis
Elaenia
Tiaris
Trochilidae
Anolis gingivinus
Anolis pogus
Chilopoda
Based on studies in:
Norway: Spitsbergen (Coastal)
Canada: Manitoba (Grassland)
Russia (Agricultural)
Malaysia (Swamp)
England: Oxfordshire, Wytham Wood (Forest)
Namibia, Namib Desert (Desert or dune)
USA: Alaska (Tundra)
USA: Arizona, Sonora Desert (Desert or dune)
India, Rajasthan Desert (Desert or dune)
USA: Massachusetts, Cape Ann (Marine)
USA: California, Cabrillo Point (Grassland)
Puerto Rico, El Verde (Rainforest)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
Lagopus
Plectrophenax nivalis
Calidris maritima
Anura
Agelaius phoeniceus
Quiscalus quiscula
Melospiza melodia
Dendroica petechia
Geothlypis trichas
Empidonax minimus
Vireo gilvus
Icterus galbula
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Catharus fuscescens
Poecile atricapillus
Rana pipiens
Paridae
parasites
Aves
Lepidosauria
Hirundinidae
Scolopacidae
Talpinae
Aporosaura
Typhlosaurus
Red racer
Pituophis
Crotalus
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Mephitinae
Onychomys
Geococcyx velox
Phasianidae
Timaliidae
Serpentes
Varanidae
Canis aureus
Erinaceus europaeus
bultul
Laniidae
Saxicoloides fulicata
Vulpes vulpes
Passeriformes
Calamospiza melanocorys
Peromyscus maniculatus
Orthoptera
Buteo jamaicensis
Saurothera vieilloti
Amphisbaena caeca
Herpestes auropunctatus
Eleutherodactylus coqui
Eleutherodactylus richmondi
Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
Eleutherodactylus wightmanae
Eleutherodactylus eneidae
Melanerpes portoricensis
Todus mexicanus
Mimocichla plumbea
Margarops fuscatus
Anolis cuvieri
Anolis evermanni
Anolis stratulus
Anolis gundlachi
Leptodactylus albilabris
Vireo latimeri
Nesospingus speculiferus
Icterus dominicensis
Mimetes portoricensis
Vireo altiloquus
Seiurus aurocapillus
Seiurus motacilla
Sphaerodactylus klauberi
Sphaerodactylus macrolepis
Diploglossus pleei
Geophilomorpha
Chlorostilbon maugeus
Anthracothorax viridis
Mniotilta varia
Parula americana
Dendroica caerulescens
Dendroica discolor
Setophaga ruticilla
Coereba flaveola
Loxigilla portoricensis
Pseudoscorpionida
Tyrannus dominicensis
Elaenia
Tiaris
Trochilidae
Anolis gingivinus
Anolis pogus
Chilopoda
Based on studies in:
Norway: Spitsbergen (Coastal)
Canada: Manitoba (Grassland)
Russia (Agricultural)
Malaysia (Swamp)
England: Oxfordshire, Wytham Wood (Forest)
Namibia, Namib Desert (Desert or dune)
USA: Alaska (Tundra)
USA: Arizona, Sonora Desert (Desert or dune)
India, Rajasthan Desert (Desert or dune)
USA: Massachusetts, Cape Ann (Marine)
USA: California, Cabrillo Point (Grassland)
Puerto Rico, El Verde (Rainforest)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- N. N. Smirnov, Food cycles in sphagnous bogs, Hydrobiologia 17:175-182, from p. 179 (1961).
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Further contributions to the ecology of Spitzbergen, J. Ecol. 16:193-268, from p. 211 (1928).
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Further contributions to the ecology of Spitzbergen, J. Ecol. 16:193-268, from p. 217 (1928).
- T. Mizuno and J. I. Furtado, Food chain. In: Tasek Bera, J. I. Furtado and S. Mori, Eds. (Junk, The Hague, Netherlands, 1982), pp. 357-359, from p. 358.
- J. Brown, Ecological investigations of the Tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay Region, Alaska, Special Report, no. 2, Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska (1975), from p. xiv.
- E. Holm and C. H. Scholtz, Structure and pattern of the Namib Desert dune ecosystem at Gobabeb, Madoqua 12(1):3-39, from p. 21 (1980).
- R. W. Dexter, The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bio-ecology, Ecol. Monogr. 17:263-294, from p. 288 (1947).
- G. C. Varley, The concept of energy flow applied to a woodland community. In: Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources, A. Watson, Ed. (Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England, 1970), pp. 389-401, from p. 389.
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Contributions to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island, J. Ecol. 11:214-286, from p. 232 (1923).
- R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 410 (1930).
- L. D. Harris and L. Paur, A quantitative food web analysis of a shortgrass community, Technical Report No. 154, Grassland Biome. U.S. International Biological Program (1972), from p. 17.
- R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 393 (1930).
- R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 406 (1930).
- P. G. Howes, The Giant Cactus Forest and Its World: A Brief Biology of the Giant Cactus Forest of Our American Southwest (Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York; Little, Brown, Boston; 1954), from pp. 222-239, from p. 227.
- R. D. Bird, Biotic communities of the Aspen Parkland of central Canada, Ecology, 11:356-442, from p. 383 (1930).
- I. K. Sharma, A study of ecosystems of the Indian desert, Trans. Indian Soc. Desert Technol. and Univ. Center Desert Stud. 5(2):51-55, from p. 52 and A study of agro-ecosystems in the Indian desert, ibid. 5:77-82, from p. 79 1980).
- Waide RB, Reagan WB (eds) (1996) The food web of a tropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
