Older version of Known prey organisms

© SPIRE project

Known prey organisms

Zalophus californianus preys on:
Cephalopoda
Genyonemus lineatus
Trachurus symmetricus
Engraulis mordax
Actinopterygii
Mollusca
Enhydra lutris

Based on studies in:
Antarctic (Estuarine)
Southern Ocean (Marine, Tropical)
USA: California, Southern California (Marine, Sublittoral)
unknown (epipelagic zone, Tropical)
South Africa, Southwest coast (Marine)
Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands shelf (Reef)
India, Cochin (Brackish water)
USA: California (Marine)
USA: Rhode Island (Marine)
Polynesia (Reef)
Canada: Manitoba (Forest)
Malawi (River)
Malawi, Lake Nyasa (Lake or pond)
Mexico: Guerrero (Coastal)
USA: Texas (Lake or pond)
USA: Alaska, Aleutian Islands (Coastal)
USA: Iowa, Mississippi River (River)
USA: Florida (Estuarine)
Russia (Lake or pond)
Ethiopia, Lake Abaya (Lake or pond)
Uganda (Lake or pond)
Finland (Lake or pond, Littoral)
Malaysia (Swamp)
Uganda, Lake George (Lake or pond)
Netherlands: Wadden Sea, Ems estuary (Estuarine)
USA: Florida, Everglades (Estuarine)
Africa, Crocodile Creek, Lake Nyasa (Lake or pond)
UK: Yorkshire, Aire, Nidd & Wharfe Rivers (River)
USA: Maryland, Chesapeake Bay (Estuarine)
USA: New York, Bridge Brook (Lake or pond)
USA: Wisconsin, Little Rock Lake (Lake or pond)
unknown: Black Sea (Marine)
England, River Thames (River)

This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.

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G. A. Knox, Antarctic marine ecosystems. In: Antarctic Ecology, M. W. Holdgate, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1970) 1:69-96, from p. 87.
B. C. Patten and J. T. Finn, Systems approach to continental shelf ecosystems. In: Theoretical Systems Ecology, E. Halfon, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1979) pp. 183-212 from p. 202.
T. S. Petipa, E. V. Pavlova, G. N. Mironov, The food web structure, utilization transport of energy by trophic levels in the planktonic communities. In: Marine Food Chains, J. H. Steele, Ed. (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1970), 142-167, from p. 154.
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G. Fryer, The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa, Proc. London Zool. Soc. 132:153-229, from p. 219 (1959).
T. A. Clark, A. O. Flechsig, R. W. Grigg, Ecological studies during Project Sealab II, Science 157(3795):1381-1389, from p. 1384 (1967).
G. Fryer, The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa, Proc. London Zool. Soc. 132:153-281, from p. 218 (1959).
A. Yanez-Arancibia, Taxonomia, ecologia y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efimeras del Pacifico de Mexico.
C. A. Simenstad, J. A. Estes, K. W. Kenyon, Aleuts, sea otters, and alternate stable-state communities, Science 200:403-411, from p. 404 (1978).
A. Yanez-Arancibia, Taxonomia, ecologia y estructura de las comunidades de peces en lagunas costeras con bocas efimeras del Pacifico de Mexico. Cent. Cienc. del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Auton. Mex. Publ. Espec. 2:1-306 (1978).
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F. B. van Es, A preliminary carbon budget for a part of the Ems estuary: The Dollard, Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 30:283-294, from p. 292 (1977).
W. E. Odum and E. J. Heald, The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community, In Estuarine Research, Vol. 1, Chemistry, Biology and the Estuarine System, Academic Press, New York, pp. 265-286, from p. 281 (1975).
G. Fryer, 1957. The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa with special reference to the fishes, and a discussion of the evolution of a group of rock-frequenting Cichlidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 132:153-281, f
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