Characteristics

Figure. Oral view of arm of Grimpoteuthis bathynectes, showing web nodule (arrow). Drawing modified from Voss and Pearcy, 1990.
Figure. Left to right - Opisthoteuthis grimaldii shell (U-shaped), stained, photographed by R. Young; Cirroctopus glacialis shell (V-shaped), stained, photographed by R. Young; Luteuthis shuishi shell (W-shaped), photograph from O'Shea and Lu, 2002.
- Shape and consistency
- Body axis anterior-posteriorly compressed (shell reaches, or nearly reaches, posterior end of body; i.e., no gelatinous extension of the body exists posterior to the shell).
- Body axis anterior-posteriorly compressed (shell reaches, or nearly reaches, posterior end of body; i.e., no gelatinous extension of the body exists posterior to the shell).
- Arms and web
- Suckers and cirri extend to tips of arms.
- Secondary web absent.
- Web nodules (= web support) present (arrow) in some genera.
- Suckers unmodified.
- Cirri
- Cirri short (length 0.4 - 2.5 times diameter of largest sucker).
- Cirri short (length 0.4 - 2.5 times diameter of largest sucker).
- Shell
- Simple U-, V- or W-shaped.
- Lateral wings not expanded or only slightly expanded.
- Pigmentation
- Areolar spots present (arrow) in some genera.

Figure. Side view of a young Opisthoteuthis albatrossi showing areolae (arrow). Drawing modified from Sasaki, 1929.
