"Previously listed as Extinct in the Wild from the 1960s up to the last assessment in 1996, however, successful reintroductions have qualified this species for reassessment. The population is currently estimated to consist of fewer than 50 mature individuals free-living in the wild for the past five years. This taxon is threatened by hybridization with domestic horses, loss of genetic diversity, and disease."

Source: IUCN Red List: Equus ferus

"Thylacinus cynocephalus was endemic to Australia. Mainland populations are thought to have disappeared following the introduction of domestic dogs by Aboriginal human populations several thousand years ago (though there is the possibility that it survived until much more recently on the mainland)."

Source: IUCN Red List: Thylacinus cynocephalus

"Campephilus principalis formerly occurred at low densities throughout the south-east USA (nominate principalis) and Cuba (race bairdii). Sixty years after the last confirmed North American record in north-eastern Louisiana in 1944, the species was reported to have been rediscovered in 2004 in the Big Woods region of eastern Arkansas. Evidence for the rediscovery comes in the form of seven sightings, a short poor-quality video, over 100 sound recordings indicative of this species from automatic recording stations, and a number of additional 'possible encounters'."

Source: IUCN Red List: Campephilus principalis

"The Great Auk was the last flightless seabird of the Northern Hemisphere. Inhabiting the boreal and low-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic, this extinct alcid was the original Penguin. Flightlessness, dense aggregations at a small number of large colonies, and large body size made the Great Auk especially susceptible to human overexploitation for food, fat, bait, and feathers."

Source: The Birds of North America Online: Great Auk

"Steller's Sea Cow was discovered in 1741 in the shallow waters around the uninhabited Commander Islands. Hydrodamalis was slaughtered for its meat and leather. Anderson (1995) discussed the ecological interaction between sea cows, sea otters, Strongylocentrotus sea urchins, and kelp, and suggested that human predation on sea otters (resulting in a nearshore community dominated by sea urchins, which largely eliminate shallow-water kelps leading to their replacement by chemically defended deep-water species) was a major factor, along with hunting, in sea cow extinction."

Source: IUCN Red List: Hydrodamalis gigas

"A native of southern Africa closely related to horses and zebras, the quagga used to occur in vast herds in the Karoo regions of Cape Province and the southern part of Orange Free State. It is now extinct."

Source: Animal Diversity Web: Equus quagga

"Dodo birds were once the inhabitants of Mauritius, a small, oyster-shaped island which lies approximately 500 miles east of Madagascar. The dodo was a large, plump bird covered in soft, grey feathers, with a plume of white at its tail. It had small wings that were far too weak to ever lift the dodo off the ground. The interference of the foreign animals coupled with the continued overuse of the birds for food led to its total extinction by 1681."

Source: Animal Diversity Web: Raphus cucullatus

"Bos primigenius is Extinct. The aurochs had three subspecies: Bos primigenius primigenius from Europe and the Middle East; B. p. namadicus from India; and B. p. mauretanicus from North Africa. Only the nominate subspecies has survived until recent times."

Source: IUCN Red List: Bos primigenius

"Ectopistes migratorius was found forest in eastern and central Canada and the USA, occasionally wandering south to Mexico and Cuba. Over the 19th century, the species crashed from being one of the most abundant birds in the world to extinction. This was ultimately due to the effects of widespread clearance of its mast food, with the proximate causes being Newcastle disease, extensive hunting and the breakdown of social facilitation. The last wild bird was shot in 1900, and the last captive bird died in 1914 in the Cincinnati Zoo."

Source: IUCN Red List: Ectopistes migratorius

"This endemic South African species was restricted to the southern coastal areas from about Caledon to Plettenberg Bay. The last individual Bluebuck was shot around 1800, the first African antelope to be hunted to extinction by European settlers."

Source: IUCN Red List: Hippotragus leucophaeus

"Campephilus imperialis was formerly distributed throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico in Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit, Zacatecas (possibly) and north Jalisco with more isolated populations in west Jalisco and Michoacán. It was not historically a rare species within suitable habitat, but the total population probably never numbered more than 8,000 individuals."

Source: IUCN Red List: Campephilus imperialis

"This species was endemic to central Australia. There have been no reliable records of the species since 1935, but there were unconfirmed sightings in Queensland following periods of rain in 1956-1957 and 1974-1975. The desert rat-kangaroo was found on gibber plains, clay pans, and sandridges. Individual animals formed shallow nests under a bush or in the open (Smith and Johnson 2008)."

Source: IUCN Red List: Caloprymnus campestris

"This species is endemic to New Zealand. There have been no confirmed sightings of the species since 1967 when it was found on Big South Cape Island (near Stewart Island). It might still persist here or on other small privately-owned islands near Stewart Island."

Source: IUCN Red List: Mystacina robusta

"Before the arrival of humans, all the main Hawaiian islands probably were populated by flightless rails, some islands having up to 3 species each. Very few rails have specialized feeding habits; most are generalized, opportunistic omnivores. They are capable of surviving under harsh conditions such as on Laysan or Ascension Is., where the birds were heavily dependent on seabird colonies."

Source: The Birds of North America Online: Hawaiian Rail

"This species was endemic to Guam. Only three specimens were collected, the last being shot by hunters in 1968. Despite intensive field work on the island’s fruit bats, there have been no confirmed records of the Guam Fruit Bat since that time."

Source: IUCN Red List: Pteropus tokudae

"The Bali Tiger likely became extinct in the 1940s (Seidensticker 1987). On the basis of skull morphology Mazak and Groves (2006) classified the Bali Tiger as a subspecies of the Javan Tiger (also extinct), which they consider a separate species Panthera sondaica. Traditionally the Bali Tiger is considered a subspecies of Tiger Panthera tigris."

Source: IUCN Red List: Panthera tigris balica

"The Javan Tiger likely became extinct in the mid-1970s (Seidensticker 1987). On the basis of morphology Mazak and Groves (2006) classified the Javan Tiger as a distinct species, Panthera sondaica. Classically it is considered to be a subspecies of Tiger Panthera tigris (Nowell and Jackson 1996)."

Source: IUCN Red List: Panthera tigris sondaica

"The Honshu wolf was identified in 1839 as the gray wolf subspecies Canis lupus hodophilax by Dutch zoologist Coenraad Temminck. It was also known as the Hondo wolf, the yamainu, and the mountain dog."

Source: The Honshu Wolf

"Ixobrychus novaezelandiae was endemic to New Zealand1. It became extinct before 1900, for unknown reasons, on the South Island, while on the North Island, it is only known from bones."

Source: IUCN Redlist: Ixobrychus novaezelandiae

"The sea mink reportedly made its home among the rocks along the ocean. The diet consisted mainly of fish and probably also included mollusks (Nowak 2005). Formerly occurred along the coasts of Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland) and in coastal eastern North America (Massachusetts, Maine). The Sea Mink apparently had been exterminated, last record collected in 1894."

Source: IUCN Red List: Neovison macrodon

"Prosobonia leucoptera was endemic to Tahiti, in the Society Islands, French Polynesia. It is known from the type only, collected by Forster and painted by his son in 1773. The specimen is now in Leiden and the painting in London. All that is known of the species's ecology is that Forster noted that the birds occurred along highland streams. Its extinction was probably caused by introduced rats."

Source: IUCN Red List: Prosobonia leucoptera

"This enigmatic antelope is known only from a single male specimen in the Berlin Museum, apparently collected in 1825 and attributed to the Farasan Islands in the Red Sea. However, there is some doubt as to whether the specimen in fact originated from the Farasans and its former distribution and status may never be known."

Source: IUCN Red List: Gazella arabica

"Formerly occurred in the Arabian Peninsula from Kuwait to the borders of Saudi Arabia and Yemen (Mallon and Kingswood 2001). Most records are from the western part of Saudi Arabia. Reports of occurrence in Iraq are unconfirmed and doubtful (Mallon and Kingswood 2001)."

Source: IUCN Red List: Gazella saudiya

"Phalacrocorax perspicillatus was restricted to Bering Island, in the Commander Islands, Russia, and possibly the adjacent coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Steller noted that it was common in 1741, but it was a poor flier and was heavily hunted for food by the Aleuts who settled on the island in 1826. The five known specimens were all collected between 1840-1850, and in 1882, Stejneger was told by the island's residents that the last birds had disappeared about 30 years before."

Source: IUCN Red List: Phalacrocorax perspicillatus

"Pipistrellus sturdeei is known only from Hahajima Island in the Bonin (= Ogasawara) Islands, Japan (Abe 2005). Some experts believe that this bat never actually occurred in Japan, and that the type locality is in error (Abe 2005). Therefore, the true distribution and country of origin are unknown."

Source: IUCN Red List: Pipistrellus sturdeei

"The Upland Moa was around 1.3 metres tall and weighing perhaps 25 kilos. It was one of the smallest of the moa species, the upland counterpart to the Little Bush Moa. As its name implies, it lived in the higher, cooler parts of the country, browsing in the high country forests, and in summer on the shrubs and herbs of the subalpine zone."

Source: nzbirds: Uploand Moa

"The Carpathian bison was similar to the Caucasian subspecies, Bison bonasus caucasicus. It differed from the Lowland bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) by its smaller size, a slender constitution, a flat frontal skull surface, short and curly fur, and a brush at the tail. All adaptations to a highland environment."

Source: The Sixth Extinction Website: Bison bonasus hungarorum

"Madagascar's giant, flightless elephant birds were once a common sight on the island, certainly up until the 17th century. It is generally believed that the elephant bird's extinction resulted from human activity, perhaps not surprising when one of their giant eggs would have fed an entire family."

Source: Nature Wildlife: Elephant birds

"Threskiornis solitarius is known from bones recently discovered on Réunion (to France). It seems likely that the `solitaire' known from numerous early accounts from Réunion was in fact this ibis, vindicating arguments for independent evolution of the Mascarene `solitaires', in which case the last account is that of Abbé Gui Pingré (1763) a French astronomer who visited Rodrigues in 1761 to observe the transit of Venus and reported the bird to be near extinction. He had been told by the Commander, Marlène de Puvigné, that it was found only in remote corners of the island. This statement was the last mention of the bird."

Source: IUCN Red List: Threskiornis solitarius